Table 1.
Summary characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.
| Study year, | Country | Study design | Sample size (+/−) | Age | Gender | Patients | Controls | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Juyi Li 2020 [13] |
China | Retrospective cohort study |
2153/3694 | Case: less than 40 years (n = 342), aged 41–59 years (n = 784), over 60 years (n = 1027); control: NR | Case: male (53.09%) control: NR |
Patients with COVID-19 | The healthy general population | Relationship between ABO blood group and susceptibility, and mortality of COVID-19 patients |
| Sunny Dzik 2020 [14] |
United States | Case-control study | 957/5840 | NR | NR | Patients with COVID-19 infection confirmed by nasal swab PCR. | Patients who were hospitalized without COVID-19 | Relationship between ABO blood group and susceptibility, and mortality of COVID-19 patients |
| Kai Duan 2020 [22] | China | Case-control study | 150/180 | Aged 18–60 years | Case: male (49.33%) control: NR |
COVID-19 survivors. | Blood donors without COVID-19 | Relationship between ABO blood group and susceptibility, and mortality of COVID-19 patients |
| Yuqin Wu 2020 [19] | China | Case-control study | 187/1991 | Case: over 40 years (n = 116), less than 40 years (n = 69); control: NR | Case: male (51.87%) control: NR |
Patients with COVID-19. | The healthy general population | Relationship between ABO blood group and susceptibility of COVID-19 patients |
| Michael Zietz [21] 2020 |
United States | Case-control study | 682/877 | NR | NR | Individuals with a single positive SARS-CoV-2 lab test are considered COVID-19 positive, even if they had previous or subsequent negative tests. | Participants in the same cohort who tested negative for COVID-19 | Morbidity and clinical outcome (intubation or death) |
| Hakan GÖKER 2020 [20] |
Turkish | Case-control study | 186/1882 | Case:42 (19–92) control: NR |
Case: male (53.76%) control: NR |
The 56 COVID-19 infection who were positive for the SARS-CoV-2 RNA test through PCR 57 from the nasopharyngeal swab. | The healthy general population | Relationship between ABO blood group and susceptibility of COVID-19 patients |
| David Ellinghaus 2020 [25] |
Italian and Spanish | Case-control study | 1610/2205 | NR | NR | Patients defined as hospitalization with respiratory failure and a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA PCR test from nasopharyngeal swabs or other relevant biologic fluids. | Blood donors without COVID-19 | Morbidity and genomewide analysis |
| Jiao Zhao 2020 [23] | China | Case-control study | 2173/27080 | NR | NR | Patient diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by a positive RT-PCR test on nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens. | The healthy general population | Relationship between ABO blood group and susceptibility, and mortality of COVID-19 patients |
| Marion Kibler 2020 [24] |
France | Case-control study | 22/680 | Mean age:82 ± 6.9 | Male (44.59%) | Patients were considered as COVID-19 in presence of positive RT-PCR testing of a nasopharyngeal swab specimen or with typical symptoms and characteristic imaging findings on chest computed tomography. | Participants in the same cohort who tested negative for COVID-19 | Relationship between blood groups and ARDS, AKI, and mortality, in addition to susceptibility in COVID-19 patients. |
| Boudin 2020 [26] |
France | Retrospective cohort study | 1263/406 | Case: 28 (23–36) a control: 27 (23−33) a |
Male (87%) | SARS-CoV-2–infected subjects were defined as at least one positive RT-PCR (confirmed) and/or crewmembers with clinical symptoms highly suggestive of COVID-19 in this epidemiological context (fever, myalgias, arthralgias, dyspnea, cough, headache, anosmia, ageusia, rhinitis, diarrhea, fatigue, cutaneous signs) |
Participants in the same cohort who tested negative for COVID-19 and no clinical signs. | Relationship between ABO blood groups and SARS-CoV-2 infection |
RT-(PCR) = real-time (polymerase-chain-reaction); COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; +/− = COVID-19 positive / COVID-19 negative; a = Median age (IQR); NR = not report.