Table 1.

Table indicating recently developed analytical procedures for detection of COVID-19, (A) Oligonucleotide based molecular detection, (B) Point-of-Care Immunodiagnostics, and (C) Digital Imaging/Sensing system.

(A) Oligonucleotide based molecular detection:
Sr. No	Developer	Commercial Brand Name	Analytical Method	Technical Details	Detection Time	Clinical Sample	Status	Limit of Detection / Detection Ability	Source
1	1 copy™	1 copy™ COVID-19 qPCR Kit	RT-qPCR	Qualitative detection of E gene and RdRP gene of COVID-19 with RT-qPCR via RNA extracted from a specimen of an infected patient	1 h 50 min	Nasopharyngeal swab, Oropharyngeal swab, Sputum	CE-IVD	4 copies / reaction	http://www.1drop.co.kr/
2	Abbott Molecular Inc.	Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2	RT-PCR	The Abbott RT- SARS-CoV-2 assay is a dual target assay assess for the RdRp and N genes	NR	Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs	USA CE-IVD	1-4 X 102 copies/mL	https://www.molecular.abbott/us/en/products/infectious-disease/RealTime-SARS-CoV-2-Assay
3	AB ANALITICA	REALQUALITY RQ-2019-nCoV	One-step RT-PCR	Includes RT-PCR amplification targets to the RdRP gene, E gene and the internal control for qualitative analyses.	1 h 40 min	Nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage	Manual; lab-based NAT; CE-IVD	NR	https://www.abanalitica.com/en/catalogo/product/realquality-rq-2019-ncov/
4	A*ccelerate Technology Pte Ltd	A*STAR Fortitude Kit 2.0	One-step RT-PCR	Runs on the RT-PCR laboratory technique that detects SARS-CoV-2 virus genetic material (E gene and RdRP gene)	1 h 30 min	Human Clinical Samples	Singapore HSA	25 copies / reaction	https://www.a-star.edu.sg/News-and-Events/a-star-news/covid-19/news/covid-19/fighting-covid-19-with-fortitude
5	ADT Biotech	LyteStar 2019-nCoV RT-PCR Kit 1.0	RT-PCR	Dual target kit for screening and confirmation of SARS-related CoV E-gene and 2019-nCoV specific RdRP-gene	NR	Fresh or frozen human serum and plasma, respiratory specimens, and stool	RUO	NR	https://www.dropbox.com/s/2j8uix6d5dwsvr0/LyteStar%202019-nCoV_Flyer.pdf?dl=0
6	Altona Diagnostics	RealStar® SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Kit	RT- PCR	Detection and differentiation of lineage ß-betacoronavirus (β-ßCoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific RNA	NR	Human Clinical Samples	RUO	NR	https://altona-diagnostics.com/en/products/reagents-140/reagents/realstar-real-time-pcr-reagents/realstar-sars-cov-2-rt-pcr-kit-ruo.html
7	Beijing Applied Biological Technologies Co., Ltd.	Multiple RT- PCR Kit for Detection of 2019-nCoV	RT- fluorescent PCR detection	Detection kit, screening the specific genes: ORF1ab, N and E gene	1 h 50 min	Human Clinical Samples	China FDA–EUA; CE-IVD	1 × 103 copies / mL	http://www.x-abt.com/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=lists&catid=144
8	BGI Health (HK) Co. Ltd.	RT- fluorescent RT-PCR kit for detecting 2019 nCoV	RT- Fluorescent RT-PCR kit	No cross-reactivity with the human genome and other pathogens including 54 pathogens, such as human coronavirus OC43, 229E, HKU1 and NL63(HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63), etc	3 h	Throat swab and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid(BALF) samples	China-FDA EUA	100 copies / mL	https://www.bgi.com/global/molecular-genetics/2019-ncov-detection-kit/
9	Caspr Biotech	Phantom 1.0 Dx	Ultrasensitive, rapid, and portable coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 sequence detection	Based on CRISPR-Cas12, Point of Care approach	> 1 h	Human clinical sample	USA, Validated	103 copies / mL	https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.29.971127v1.full.pdf
10	Cancer Rop Co., Ltd.	Q-Sens® 2019-nCoV Detection Kit	RT-PCR based	Detection and amplification of nucleotide sequence of the genes specific to SARS-CoV-2	2 h	Sputum, nasopharyngeal smear, and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid	CE-IVD	NR	http://www.cancerrop.com/news_notices/news?tpf=board/view&board_code=6&code=311
11	Liming Bio-Products Co., Ltd.	SrongStep® Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Multiplex RT- PCR Kit	Fluorescent probe-based Taqman® RT-qPCR	Designed for the detection of a conserved region of SARS-CoV-2’s ORF1ab gene, E gene, and N gene, avoiding non-specific interference of SARS2003 and Bat-SARS-like virus strains	NR	Human Clinical Samples	CE-IVD	NR	http://www.limingbio.com/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=18&id=113
11	Novacyt/Primerdesign Ltd.	Genesig RT- PCR COVID-19	RT- PCR	Rapid detection and exclusive to the COVID-19 strain, high priming efficiency with accurate controls to confirm extraction, and assay validity	NR	Clinical Samples	US-FDA EUA; CE-IVD	NR	https://www.genesig.com/products/10039-coronavirus-covid-19-ce-ivd
12	PerkinElmer Inc.	PerkinElmer® SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Assay	RT-PCR	Detects SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab and N genes	NR	Human oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swab samples	CE-IVD	20 copies / mL	https://perkinelmer-appliedgenomics.com/home/products/new-coronavirus-2019-ncov-nucleic-acid-detection-kit/
13	Pishtaz Teb	COVID-19 Onestep RT-PCR Dual Target Gene	One-Step RT-PCR	The primer probe of this kit adopts the dual-target gene design, which targets the specific conserved sequence encoding the RdRp region and the N region.	1 h 30 min	Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, sputum, throat and nasal swab	Iran-FDA	NR	http://assets.pishtazteb.com/uploads/1970806048.covid19-EN-min.pdf
14	SD BIOSENSOR Inc.	STANDARD M nCoV RT- Detection Kit	One Step RT-PCR	Designed according to WHO interim guidance includes 2019-nCov detects nCoV associated ORF1ab gene, E gene and provides Internal Control	1 h 30 min	Nasopharyngeal swab, Oropharyngeal swab, Sputum	(Korea-EUA; CE-IVD	NR	http://sdbiosensor.com/xe/product/7653
15	Sherlock Biosciences, Cepheid	SHERLOCK™ (Specific High Sensitivity Enzymatic Reporter unlocking)	Rapid CRISPR-based tests for SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens	Combines SHERLOCK Cas12 and Cas13 enzymes for nucleic acid detection with Cepheid’s GeneXpert test-processing instruments	NR	Genetic material obtained from human clinical samples	US-FDA EUA	NR	https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cepheid-and-sherlock-biosciences-establish-collaboration-on-new-genexpert-tests-for-infectious-diseases-and-oncology-leveraging-crispr-technology-301013198.html
16	Thermo Fisher Scientific	TaqManTM SARS-CoV-2 Assay Kit v2	RT-PCR	2019-nCoV Assay (Orf1 ab); 2019-nCoV Assay (spike (S) gene); 2019-nCoV Assay (nucleocapsid (N) gene); Rnase P (control)	NR	Human Clinical Samples	US-FDA EUA	NR	https://www.thermofisher.com/jp/ja/home/clinical/clinical-genomics/pathogen-detection-solutions/coronavirus-2019-ncov/genetic-analysis.html#TaqMan-2019-nCoV-Assay-Kit
17	US CDC	2019 nCoV RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel	RT-PCR based	The nCoVPC contains non-infectious positive control material supplied in a dried state. nCoVPC consists of in vitro transcribed RNA. nCoVPC will yield a positive result with each assay in the systems diagnostic Panel including RP.	1 h 20 min	Human sera or pooled leftover negative respiratory specimens	US-FDA EUA	102.5 Copies / mL	https://www.genscript.com/2019-ncov-qrt-pcr-detection-assay.html?src=topbanner
18	Wuhan Easydiagnosis Biomedicine Co., Ltd	SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test kit	Fluorescent RT-PCR based	Used to qualitatively detect the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV infection in suspects by analysing ORF1ab gene and N gene	NR	Oropharyngeal swabs, nasopharyngeal swabs and sputum samples from patients diagnosed or differentiated	China-FDA EUA; CE-IVD	NR	http://www.mdeasydiagnosis.com/products/InternationalTrade/88.html
19	Xiamen Zeesan Biotech Co., Ltd.	SARS-CoV-2 Test Kit	RT-PCR based	In vitro qualitative detection of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) ORF1ab and N gene in samples	NR	Sample includes bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum, and stool sample can be anal swab.	Manual; lab-based; CE-IVD	NR	http://www.zeesandx.com/products/sars-cov-2-test-kit-real-time-pcr.html

(B) Point-of-Care Immunodiagnostics:
Sr. No	Developer	Commercial Brand Name	Analytical Method	Technical Details	Detection Time	Clinical Sample	Status	Limit of Detection / Detection Ability	Links
1	BioMedomics, Inc.	COVID-19 IgM-IgG Dual Antibody Rapid Test	Qualitatively detect IgG and IgM antibodies	This test detects both early and late marker, of corona virus associated IgM/IgG antibodies in human	10-15 min / test	Whole blood, serum, or plasma	EU (CE Mark), USA (EUA)	NR	https://www.biomedomics.com/products/infectious-disease/covid-19-rt/
2	Bioscience (Chongqing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) IgM Antibody Detection Kit Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) IgG Antibody Test Kit	Chemiluminescent immunoassay technology	Identifies IgM/IgG antibodies using magnetic particle chemiluminescence method	NR	Human clinical blood samples	China (EUA)	NR	https://www.medica-tradefair.com/vis/v1/en/exhibitors/medcom2019.2643477
3	Biomerica	10 Minute Test for COVID-19 Virus	Rapid POC IgM/IgG antibody test	Lateral flow immunoassay	10 min	Whole blood, sera or plasma	Commenced shipping samples; seeking FDA EUA approval	NR	http://biomerica.com/news/news_view.asp?NewsItem=249
4	Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech (Guangzhou, China)	Finecare SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Test	Antibody test	Lateral flow immunoassay that detects IgM and IgG antibodies directed against SARS-CoV-2	15 min	Serum or Plasma sample	National Medical Products Administration EUA in China; CE mark in Europe	NR	https://en.wondfo.com.cn/covid-19-3/
5	Innovita Biological Technology	2019-nCoV Ab Test (Colloidal Gold)	IgM/IgG combine detection	Lateral flow immunoassay that detects IgM and IgG antibodies directed against SARS-CoV-2	10 min	Human serum, Plasma, venous whole blood	China-FDA EUA; CE-IVD	NR	http://www.innovita.com.cn/index.html
6	InTec PRODUCTS, INC.	Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antibody (IgM/IgG) Test	IgM and IgG antibody detection	Rapid immunoassay for the qualitative detection of IgM and IgG antibodies	NR	Single drop of fingerpick whole blood	EU, CE-IVD	NR	https://www.intecasi.com/news/156-intec-products-rapid-sars-cov-2-antibody-test-is-now-available
7	Snibe Diagnostic	MAGLUMI 2019-nCoV IgM/IgG (CLIA)	MAGLUMI 2019-nCoV IgM/IgG kit	Automated central laboratory rapid test that runs on MAGLUMI chemiluminescence immunoassay system	30 min	Blood sample	automated IA, CE-IVD	NR	http://www.snibe.com/zh_en/en_newsView.aspx?id=576
8	Sugentech	COVID-19 IgM/IgG	SGTi-flex COVID-19 IgM/IgG	Lateral flow immunoassay that detects IgM and IgG antibodies directed against SARS-CoV-2	10 min	Human whole blood (finger prick or venous), serum or plasma	CE-IVD	NR	http://sugentech.com/products/products-view.php?ct=7&target=32
9	VivaChek Biotech (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd	VivaDiag™	SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG Rapid Test (Colloid Gold)	In vitro qualitative assay to detects IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2	15 min	Whole blood (fingertip/venous), serum or plasma	CE-IVD	NR	https://www.vivachek.com/vivachek/English/prods/prod-rapidtest.html
10	Xiamen AmonMed Biotechnology	COVID-19 IgM/IgG test kit (Colloidal gold)	Antibody detection	Lateral flow immunoassay that detects IgM and IgG antibodies directed against SARS-CoV-2 and Rare Earth Nano Fluorescence Immunochromatography	10 min	Human blood sample	EU (CE Mark)	NR	http://aode.juejinvr.cn/News/index
11	Xiamen Biotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM Rapid Qualitative Test Kit	IgG/IgM combine detection	Rapid Qualitative analysis for IgM and IgG antibodies	15 min	Serum, plasma, whole blood	EU, CE-IVD	NR	http://www.biotime.cn/En
12	Zhejiang Orient Gene Biotech	COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test kit	COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test	Solid-phase immunochromatographic assay	2-10 min	Serum/plasma or whole blood specimens	US sublicensed distribution rights from L.B. Resources (Hong Kong)	NR	https://stocknewsnow.com/companynews/5035338834942348/AYTU/101843
13	Quidel Corporation	Sofia 2 SARS Antigen FIA	SARS-CoV-2 Antigen detection	Immunofluorescence-based lateral flow technology in a sandwich design for qualitative detection of nucleocapsid protein from SARS-CoV-2	15 min	Nasal swab, nasopharyngeal swab	FDA EUA	NR	https://www.quidel.com/immunoassays/rapid-sars-tests/sofia-2-sars-antigen-fia
14	Avacta Group plc	Affimer® biotherapeutics and reagents	COVID-19 antigen detection	COVID-19 antigen test method using Adeptrix’s proprietary bead-assisted mass spectrometry (BAMS™) platform	NR	Saliva, nasopharyngeal swabs or serum	CE (Europe), FDA (USA)	NR	https://avacta.com/avacta-ships-sars-cov-2-affimer-reagents-to-cytiva-and-adeptrix/?utm_content=129011567&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter&hss_channel=tw-2279270671
15	Coris Bio Concept	CORIS COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip	COVID-19 antigen detection	Immunochromatography assay based on a membrane technology with colloidal gold nanoparticles fabricated with monoclonal antibodies directed against the conserved nucleoprotein antigen of SARS-CoV-2	15 min	Nasopharyngeal specimens	EU, CE-IVD	1,25 X104 pfu/ml	https://www.intermed.be/en/professional-products/laboratory-diagnostics/serology-amp-virology/rapid-test/coris-covid-19-ag-respi-strip.html

(C) Digital radiographical analysis / Sensing system:
Sr. No	Developer	Commercial Brand Name	Analytical Method	Technical Details	Detection Time	Clinical Sample	Status	Limit of Detection / Detection Ability	Links
1	Beijing Infervision Technology Co. Ltd	InferRead CT Pneumonia	AI-based system to detect coronavirus infection via CT scans	Imaging assisted-diagnosis for multiple body areas, but not limited to brain, lung, skeleton, and bone	>20 sec	Physical presence of suspect or patient	Validated	NR	https://global.infervision.com/
2	Canary Health Technologies	AiroStotleCV19	Path Sensors technology which is exclusively licensed from MIT-Lincoln Laboratory, offering cutting-edge pathogen detection capabilities to a variety of industries including food safety, agriculture, and bioterrorism.	Three instrumentation platforms based PathSensors for easy and rapid detection.	> 5 min	Environmental swabs and air monitoring in sensitive spaces such as hospitals, offices, food services, etc	Proof-of-concept	NR	https://news.thomasnet.com/fullstory/new-canary-biosensor-generates-test-results-in-less-than-5-minutes-40034701

List of abbreviations: - NR: Not Reported; RT-PCR: Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction / qPCR: qualitative Polymerase Chain Reaction; RUO: Research Use Only; CE – IVD: Conformité Européenne (CE certification)-in vitro diagnostics; EUA: Emergency Use Authorization / EU – Emergency Use; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; HSA: Health and Safety Authority / Health and Sciences Authority.