TABLE 3.
Baseline Electrocardiographic Features, Complications and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients
| Parameter | Patients, No. (%) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n = 223) | Primary Composite Endpoint |
p Value | ||
| With (n = 40) | Without (n = 183) | |||
| PR duration, ms (IQR) | 160 (140–170) | 150 (133–168) | 160 (140–171) | 0.231 |
| QRS duration, ms (IQR) | 88 (80–96) | 90 (84–109) | 85 (80–95) | 0.013 |
| QTc (Bazett), ms (IQR) | 428 (407–453) | 451 (418–490) | 426 (403–449) | <0.001 |
| QTc (Framingham), ms (IQR) | 404 (384–449) | 419 (392–445) | 401 (382–422) | 0.011 |
| Wide QRS complex (>120 ms) | 21 (9.4) | 9 (22) | 12 (6.6) | 0.002 |
| Rhythm | ||||
| Sinus | 221 (99.1) | 39 (98) | 182 (99) | 0.908 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 4 (1.8) | 2 (5) | 2 (1) | 0.092 |
| Intraventricular conduction delay | 0.046 | |||
| RBBB | 13 (5.8) | 5 (13) | 8 (4) | 0.046 |
| LBBB | 3 (1.3) | 1 (3) | 1 (0.5) | 0.230 |
| Nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay | 9 (4) | 3 (8) | 5 (2.7) | 0.134 |
| Abnormal ST-T segment changes | ||||
| Inferior | 5 (2.2) | 1 (3) | 4 (2.2) | 0.920 |
| Anterior | 3 (1.3) | 1 (3) | 2 (1.1) | 0.484 |
| Lateral | 18 (8.1) | 10 (25) | 8 (4.4) | <0.001 |
| Extensive | 7 (3.1) | 2 (5) | 5 (2.7) | 0.424 |
| Pathologic Q wave | 0.690 | |||
| Inferior | 6 (2.7) | 2 (5) | 4 (2.2) | |
| Anterior | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Lateral | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy (Cornell voltage) | 8 (3.6) | 4(10) | 4(2.2) | 0.025 |
| Axis | ||||
| Left axis deviation | 53 (23.8) | 14 (36) | 38 (20.8) | 0.046 |
| Right axis deviation | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | 0.617 |
| Extrasystole | ||||
| Atrial | 11 (4.9%) | 3 (7.5%) | 7 (3.8%) | 0.317 |
| Ventricular | 8 (3.5%) | 4 (10%) | 4 (2.2%) | 0.016 |
| Complications | ||||
| Sepsis | 55 (24.7) | 30 (75) | 25 (13.7) | <0.001 |
| Septic shock | 22 (9.9) | 22 (55) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| ARDS | 32 (14.3) | 31 (78) | 1 (0.5) | <0.001 |
| Need for intensive care unit | 38 (17) | 38 (95) | 0(0) | <0.001 |
| Acute cardiac injury | 64 (28.6) | 32 (80) | 32 (17.5) | <0.001 |
| Arrhythmia | 7 (3.1) | 5(13) | 2 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Acute heart failure | 16 (7.2) | 12 (30) | 4 (2.2) | <0.001 |
| Acute kidney injury | 21 (9.4) | 15 (38) | 6 (3.3) | <0.001 |
| Clinical outcome | ||||
| Median length of stay, days | 10 (7–14) | 21 (14–26) | 9 (7–12) | <0.001 |
| Discharged | 198 (88.8) | 15 (38) | 183 (100) | <0.001 |
| Died | 25 (11.1) | 25 (63) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
Abbreviation: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; LBBB, left bundle branch block; RBBB, right bundle branch block