Table 2.
Comparison of COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. Values are group mean data (standard deviation in brackets). Significant differences (Mann-Whitney-U tests) are indicated in bold.
| Test | Patients | Controls | p-values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fatigue Rating Scale (FRS) | 8.1 (1.7) | 0.7 (0.5) | < 0.001 |
| Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) | 31.6 (10.8) | 9.5 (0.5) | < 0.001 |
| Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) | 39.3 (13.7) | 18.9 (1.0) | < 0.001 |
| Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) | 3.8 (2.9) | 0.0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) | 17.8 (5.3) | 26.8 (3.1) | < 0.001 |
| Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) | 12.3 (2.3) | 16.7 (1.2) | < 0.001 |
| RT in Vigilance Task (VT) | 341.3 (86.3) | 308.8 (44.2) | 0.541 |
| Percentage of errors in VT | 3.2 (1.0) | 0.9 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
| RT in Stroop Interference Task (SIT) | 969.4 (152.1) | 802.1 (122.0) | 0.015 |
| Percentage of errors in SIT | 4.6 (0.8) | 1.2 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
| RT in Navon Task (NT) | 1327.1 (525.3) | 850.3 (144.2) | 0.046 |
| Percentage of errors in NT | 3.8 (1.2) | 1.2 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
| Force in pinch task (kg) | 5.6 (1.9) | 7.3 (2.5) | 0.101 |
| Exertion (Borg CR100) | 75.8 (15.6) | 54.6 (9.0) | 0.001 |
| CMAP amplitude PRE (mV) | 9.4 (3.8) | 15.7 (3.6) | < 0.001 |
| CMAP amplitude POST (mV) | 9.2 (3.7) | 15.4 (3.8) | 0.001 |
| CMAP amplitude POST/PRE % | 97.5 (4.1) | 98.5 (10.5) | 0.089 |
| RMT (% MSO) | 44.6 (5.6) | 43.1 (4.8) | 0.713 |
| MEP amplitude PRE (mV) | 0.8 (0.5) | 1.9 (1.1) | 0.005 |
| MEP amplitude POST (mV) | 0.7 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.8) | 0.017 |
| MEP amplitude POST/PRE % | 90.4 (28.1) | 72.9 (20.2) | 0.242 |
| SP duration PRE (ms) | 89.7 (32.3) | 72.4 (25.5) | 0.242 |
| SP duration POST (ms) | 72.0 (33.2) | 93.5 (21.0) | 0.052 |
| SP duration POST/PRE % | 78.5 (17.0) | 138.8 (35.8) | < 0.001 |
Abbreviations: RT, reaction time; CR100, Borg Category Ratio 100 scale; CMAP, compound muscle action potential; RMT, resting motor threshold; MEP, motor evoked potential; SP, silent period.