Fig. 4.

Local autocorrelation expressed by the standardized Getis-Ord Gi statistic for relative mortality in males ≥75 years old of Lombardy, Veneto and Emilia-Romagna. High positive values of the z-scores (in red) denote spatially correlated municipalities with high values of excess mortality. High negative values of the z-scores (in blue) denote spatially correlated municipalities with low values of excess mortality. Distant municipalities are those for which the Getis-Ord Gi* was not computed due to the large distance of their centroids from those of the nearest neighboring municipalities with available data. No data municipalities are those for which no data was released by ISTAT or that had no deaths for the examined age-gender subgroups in any year between 2015 and 2020.