Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria.

	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
ALL group	(i) Diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on bone marrow samples (ii) Receiving CCLG-ALL 2008 chemotherapy regimen (iii) No more than eighteen years old (iv) Free of other systemic diseases (v) Written informed consent	(i) Receiving antibiotics within 3 months before the study (ii) Local antimicrobial treatment within 2 weeks (iii) Without receiving stem cell transplantation
Healthy control group	(i) Age and socioeconomic status comparable with ALL patients (ii) Free of systemic diseases (iii) Written informed consent	(i) Systemic disorders that cause oral mucosal lesions or periodontal diseases (ii) Receiving antibiotics within 3 months before the study (iii) Local antimicrobial treatment within 2 weeks

ALL: patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.