Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population 6–10 weeks (n = 25 466) and 12–14 months (n = 17 117) after MI, by attainment of the LDL-C target of the 2016 ESC/EAS dyslipidaemia guidelines
| 6- to 10-week follow-up |
12- to 14-month follow-up |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LDL-C target not reached (n = 17 420) | LDL-C target reached (n = 8046) | LDL-C target not reached (n = 11 729) | LDL-C target reached (n = 5388) | |
| At index event | ||||
| Age (years) | 63 ± 8 | 62 ± 9 | 63 ± 8 | 62 ± 8 |
| Age category (years), n (%) | ||||
| 18–44 | 542 (3) | 323 (4) | 351 (3) | 165 (3) |
| 45–54 | 2579 (15) | 1363 (17) | 1767 (15) | 852 (16) |
| 55–64 | 5737 (33) | 2619 (33) | 3854 (33) | 1768 (33) |
| 65–74 | 8562 (49) | 3741 (46) | 5757 (49) | 2603 (48) |
| Women, n (%) | 4402 (25) | 1852 (23) | 2933 (25) | 1180 (22) |
| BMI category (kg/m2) | ||||
| <25 | 4798 (28) | 2006 (26) | 3256 (28) | 1339 (26) |
| 25 to <30 | 7686 (45) | 3695 (47) | 5272 (46) | 2456 (47) |
| ≥30 | 4475 (26) | 2149 (27) | 2897 (25) | 1453 (28) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.0 ± 1.3 | 5.1 ± 1.0 | 5.0 ± 1.3 | 5.2 ± 1.1 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.1 ± 1.2 | 3.2 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 1.2 | 3.3 ± 1.0 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.4 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.9 |
| Type of MI, n (%) | ||||
| STEMI | 7341 (42) | 3227 (40) | 4840 (41) | 2239 (42) |
| NSTEMI | 10 079 (58) | 4819 (60) | 6889 (59) | 3149 (58) |
| Received PCI | 9908 (85) | 12 003 (87) | 10 033 (86) | 4702 (87) |
| Lipid-lowering therapy at admission, n (%) | ||||
| No statins | 13 782 (79) | 6762 (84) | 9376 (80) | 4415 (82) |
| Low- or moderate-intensity statin | 2613 (15) | 862 (11) | 1746 (15) | 688 (13) |
| High-intensity statin | 915 (5) | 363 (5) | 539 (5) | 246 (5) |
| Statin with ezetimibe | 110 (1) | 59 (1) | 68 (1) | 39 (1) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||||
| Never smoker | 5810 (34) | 2988 (38) | 4055 (35) | 1984 (37) |
| Former smoker | 6183 (36) | 2801 (35) | 4198 (36) | 1911 (36) |
| Current smoker | 5088 (30) | 2115 (27) | 3285 (28) | 1414 (27) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 8939 (51) | 4394 (55) | 5538 (48) | 2430 (45) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3396 (19) | 1685 (21) | 2256 (19) | 1066 (20) |
| Previous MI | 2904 (17) | 849 (11) | 1801 (15) | 623 (12) |
| Previous PCI | 2505 (14) | 749 (9) | 1574 (13) | 557 (10) |
| Previous CABG | 694 (4) | 206 (3) | 420 (4) | 158 (3) |
| Congestive heart failure | 514 (3) | 127 (2) | 277 (2) | 99 (2) |
| Previous stroke | 844 (5) | 278 (3) | 536 (5) | 163 (3) |
| COPD | 896 (5) | 280 (3) | 554 (5) | 183 (3) |
| Renal insufficiencya | 1806 (11) | 676 (9) | 1169 (10) | 445 (8) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 512 (3) | 154 (2) | 323 (3) | 86 (2) |
| Cancer | 259 (1) | 106 (1) | 160 (1) | 59 (1) |
| At 6- to 10-week follow-up | ||||
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 1.6 ± 0.6 |
| Lipid-lowering therapy, n (%) | ||||
| No statin | 999 (6) | 102 (1) | 554 (5) | 100 (2) |
| Low- or moderate-intensity statin | 1870 (11) | 358 (4) | 1348 (11) | 286 (5) |
| High-intensity statin | 14 168 (81) | 7292 (91) | 9627 (82) | 4854 (90) |
| Statin with ezetimibe | 383 (2) | 294 (4) | 200 (2) | 148 (3) |
| At 12- to 14-month follow-up | ||||
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | — | — | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.3 |
| Lipid-lowering therapy, n (%) | ||||
| No statin | — | — | 1424 (12) | 142 (3) |
| Low- or moderate-intensity statin | — | — | 1597 (14) | 385 (7) |
| High-intensity statin | — | — | 7952 (68) | 3866 (72) |
| Statin with ezetimibe | — | — | 756 (6) | 995 (18) |
Values are represented as means ± standard deviation or n (%).
Missing values (first follow-up; second follow-up): total cholesterol (n = 165; 80), triglycerides (n = 1989; 1141), HDL-cholesterol (n = 217; 91), BMI (n = 657; 444), smoking status (n = 481; 270), and renal insufficiency (n = 346; 271).
BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ESC, European Society of Cardiology; EAS, European Atherosclerosis Society; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MI, myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
Defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, based on the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation.