Table 2.
Results of linear mixed effects models.
| Outcome | Fixed effects | Random effects | ||||
|
|
Estimate (SE) | 95% CI | Estimate (SE) | 95% CI | ||
| Job stress | ||||||
|
|
Intercepta | 2.17-2.23 (0.03) | 2.11 to 2.17, 2.22 to 2.45 | 0.21 (0.01) | 0.19-0.23 | |
|
|
SEb to SE+SSc | 0.02 (0.04) | −0.06 to 0.10 | —d | — | |
|
|
SE to SS+SEe | −0.03 (0.04) | −0.1 to 0.05 | — | — | |
|
|
SSf to SE+SS | −0.02 (0.04) | −0.10 to 0.06 | — | — | |
|
|
SS to SS+SE | −0.07 (0.04) | −0.15 to 0.01 | — | — | |
|
|
SE+SS to SS+SE | 0.05 (0.04) | −0.03 to 0.12 | — | — | |
|
|
Timea | −0.08 to −0.09 (0.01) | −0.11 to −0.10, −0.07 to −0.06 | 0.01 (0.00) | 0.01-0.01 | |
|
|
Time×SE to SE+SS | −0.05 (0.01) | −0.08 to −0.03 | — | — | |
|
|
Time×SE to SS+SE | 0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 to 0.04 | — | — | |
|
|
Time×SS to SE+SS | −0.07 (0.01) | −0.09 to−0.04 | — | — | |
|
|
Time×SS to SS+SE | 0.00 (0.01) | −0.03 to 0.03 | — | — | |
|
|
Time×SE+SS to SS+SE | −0.07 (0.01) | −0.09 to −0.04 | — | — | |
| Job burnout | ||||||
|
|
Intercepta | 2.61-2.70 (0.03) | 2.56 to 2.65, 2.67 to 2.76 | 0.21 (0.01) | 0.19-0.24 | |
|
|
SE to SE+SS | 0.03 (0.04) | −0.05 to 0.11 | — | — | |
|
|
SE to SS+SE | 0.04 (0.04) | −0.03 to 0.12 | — | — | |
|
|
SS to SE+SS | −0.06 (0.04) | −0.14 to 0.02 | — | — | |
|
|
SS to SS+SE | −0.05 (0.04) | −0.12 to 0.03 | — | — | |
|
|
SE+SS to SS+SE | −0.01 (0.04) | −0.09 to 0.06 | — | — | |
|
|
Timea | −0.02 to −0.06 (0.01) | −0.08 to −0.03, −0.05 to −0.00 | 0.01 (0.00) | 0.00-0.01 | |
|
|
Time×SE to SE+SS | −0.03 (0.01) | −0.05 to −0.00 | — | — | |
|
|
Time×SE to SS+SE | −0.04 (0.01) | −0.04 to −0.00 | — | — | |
|
|
Time×SS to SE+SS | 0.02 (0.01) | −0.00 to 0.05 | — | — | |
|
|
Time×SS to SS+SE | 0.01 (0.01) | −0.02 to 0.03 | — | — | |
|
|
Time×SE+SS to SS+SE | 0.02 (0.01) | −0.01 to 0.04 | — | — | |
| Work engagement | ||||||
|
|
Intercepta | 4.06-4.21 (0.06) | 3.95 to 4.09, 4.18 to 4.32 | 0.89 (0.04) | 0.81-0.98 | |
|
|
SE to SE+SS | −0.03 (0.08) | −0.19 to 0.13 | — | — | |
|
|
SE to SS+SE | −0.04 (0.08) | −0.20 to 0.12 | — | — | |
|
|
SS to SE+SS | 0.12 (0.08) | −0.04 to 0.28 | — | — | |
|
|
SS to SS+SE | 0.10 (0.08) | −0.06 to 0.26 | — | — | |
|
|
SE+SS to SS+SE | 0.01 (0.08) | 0.15 to 0.17 | — | — | |
|
|
Timea | −0.09 to −0.19 (0.02) | −0.23 to −0.13, −0.16 to −0.05 | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.02-0.04 | |
|
|
Time×SE to SE+SS | −0.05 (0.03) | −0.10 to 0.01 | — | — | |
|
|
Time×SE to SS+SE | −0.02 (0.03) | −0.07 to 0.04 | — | — | |
|
|
Time×SS to SE+SS | −0.14 (0.03) | −0.19 to −0.08 | — | — | |
|
|
Time×SS to SS+SE | −0.10 (0.03) | −0.16 to −0.05 | — | — | |
|
|
Time×SE+SS to SS+SE | −0.03 (0.03) | −0.09 to 0.02 | — | — | |
| Depression | ||||||
|
|
Intercepta | 1.16-1.21 (0.04) | 1.08 to 1.13, 1.23 to 1.28 | 0.36 (0.02) | 0.33, 0.39 | |
|
|
SE to SE+SS | 0.05 (0.05) | −0.06 to 0.15 | — | — | |
|
|
SE to SS+SE | −0.05 (0.05) | −0.15 to 0.05 | — | — | |
|
|
SS to SE+SS | 0.05 (0.05) | −0.05 to 0.15 | — | — | |
|
|
SS to SS+SE | −0.05 (0.05) | −0.15 to 0.06 | — | — | |
|
|
SE+SS to SS+SE | 0.09 (0.05) | −0.01 to 0.20 | — | — | |
|
|
Time | −0.04 to −0.07 (0.01) | −0.10 to −0.06, −0.05 to −0.01 | 0.02 (0.00) | 0.02, 0.02 | |
|
|
Time×SE to SE+SS | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.05 to 0.02 | — | — | |
|
|
Time×SE to SS+SE | 0.01 (0.02) | −0.02 to 0.05 | — | — | |
|
|
Time×SS to SE+SS | −0.05 (0.02) | −0.08 to −0.01 | — | — | |
|
|
Time×SS to SS+SE | −0.02 (0.02) | −0.06 to 0.01 | — | — | |
|
|
Time×SE+SS to SS+SE | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.06 to 0.01 | — | — | |
| Job-related traumatic stressg | ||||||
|
|
Intercepta | 1.26-1.38 (0.05) | 1.17 to 1.29, 1.36 to 1.48 | 0.60 (0.03) | 0.54, 0.65 | |
|
|
SE to SE+SS | −0.10 (0.07) | −0.23 to 0.03 | — | — | |
|
|
SE to SS+SE | −0.09 (0.07) | −0.22 to 0.04 | — | — | |
|
|
SS to SE+SS | 0.02 (0.07) | −0.11 to 0.16 | — | — | |
|
|
SS to SS+SE | 0.03 (0.07) | −0.10 to 0.16 | — | — | |
|
|
SE+SS to SS+SE | −0.01 (0.07) | −0.14 to 0.12 | — | — | |
|
|
Timea | 0.00-0.03 (0.02) | −0.06 to −0.00, 0.01 to 0.07 | 0.05 (0.00) | 0.04, 0.06 | |
|
|
Time×SE to SE+SS | −0.02 (0.03) | −0.07 to 0.03 | — | — | |
|
|
Time×SE to SS+SE | 0.03 (0.03) | −0.02 to 0.08 | — | — | |
|
|
Time×SS to SE+SS | −0.07 (0.03) | −0.12 to −0.02 | — | — | |
|
|
Time×SS to SS+SE | −0.03 (0.03) | −0.08 to 0.02 | — | — | |
|
|
Time×SE+SS to SS+SE | −0.04 (0.03) | −0.09 to 0.01 | — | — | |
aAs the values differ slightly depending on which study condition is used as a reference category, a range of estimates and confidence intervals are provided.
bSE: self-efficacy enhancement module.
cSE+SS: self-efficacy and perceived social support sequential enhancement module.
dThe lack of data in these cells follows statistical analysis: these values are only provided for intercept and time.
eSS+SE: perceived social support and self-efficacy sequential enhancement module.
fSS: perceived social support enhancement module.
gControlling for exposure to traumatic events.