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. 2021 Jan 26;6(3):218–224. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(21)00024-8

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SARS-CoV-2 and currently approved vaccine mechanisms

Adenovirus vector vaccines are replication-incompetent viruses that have been engineered to express the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to which the recipient immune system responds. Examples include ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, JNJ-78436735, and Sputnik-V. mRNA vaccines are delivered in a lipid nanoparticle that is taken up by cells, which translate the mRNA to generate spike protein. Examples include BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and COVAC1.