a Top: the scheme for the Gata4 conditional knock out (Gata4 cKO) experiment in the embryonic stomach. Bottom: whole-mount X-gal staining on the stomach of the Gata4 cKO (E9.5) embryo at E18.5. Scale bar, 1 mm. b Fluorescent images from the Gata4-td Tomato of the control and Gata4 cKO (E9.5) stomachs at E18.5. Presented data are a representative image of n = 5 embryos out of three independent experiments. Scale bar, 1 mm. c IHC analyses of KRT7 for the stomachs of the Gata4 cKO (E9.5) embryo at E18.5. Arrows indicate the ectopic KRT7+ transitional epithelium in the distal stomach. Presented data are a representative image of n = 5 embryos out of three independent experiments. Scale bar, 500 µm. d IF analyses of KRT7, CLDN18, and GATA4 for the distal stomach of the Gata4 cKO (E9.5) embryo at E18.5. Presented data are a representative image of n = 5 embryos out of three independent experiments. Scale bars, 100 μm. e IF analyses of KRT7, KRT14, and GATA4 (top), or SOX2, P63, and GATA4 (bottom) for the stomach of the Gata4 cKO (E9.5) embryo at E18.5. Presented data are a representative image of n = 5 embryos out of three independent experiments. Scale bars, 100 μm. f Top: the scheme for the Gata4 overexpression (Gata4 OE) experiment in the embryonic stomach. Bottom: IHC analysis of CLDN18 for the Gata4 OE stomach at E18.5. Presented data are a representative image of n = 4 chimeric embryos out of three independent experiments. Scale bars, 500 μm. g IF analyses of SOX2, GATA4, and HA for the proximal stomach of the Gata4 OE embryo at E18.5. Presented data are a representative image of n = 4 chimeric embryos out of three independent experiments. Scale bars, 100 μm. h A scheme illustrates the Gata4-mediated specification of the primitive transitional epithelium into the columnar epithelium. TE transitional epithelium, CE columnar epithelium.