Table 4.

Clinical factors related to hearing recovery

Variables	Non-improved (n=25)	Improved (n=22)	Univariate p-value	Multivariate§
				B	SE	OR	95% CI	p-value
Age (years)	62±13	53±13	0.021*
Sex (male:female)	11:14	14:08	0.178‡
Side lesion (right:left)	7:18	8:14	0.539‡
Onset of symptoms (days)	4.8±6.3	4.6±6.3	0.116†	-0.328	0.159	0.720	0.527-0.984	0.039
Dizziness (no:yes)	13:12	19:3	0.012‡	-1.689	0.866	0.185	0.034-1.007	0.051
Comorbid disease (no:yes)	8:17	8:14	0.753‡
Initial PTA (4 FA, dB HL)
Unaffected ear	24.3±12.6	20.1±12.1	0.232†
Affected ear	92.0±18.8	77.8±19.6	0.015†	-0.064	0.025	0.938	0.893-0.985	0.010
Initial WRS (%)
Unaffected ear	95.0±12.9	96.7±6.1	0.540†
Affected ear	5.6±17.3	20.1±31.7	0.049†
Laboratory data
Random plasma glucose (mg/dL)	206±86	228±99	0.431*
Glycosylated hemoglobin (%)	8.03±1.68	8.33±1.61	0.548†
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	169±32	175±32	0.535*
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio	4.33±2.65	4.67±3.88	0.639†
Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio	149±56	169±107	0.435*
Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio	10.5±18.7	10.2±15.7	0.701†
Fasting glucose during steroid treatment (mg/dL)	182±50	194±51	0.413*
Duration of follow-up (days)	63±44	44±28	0.071*
Steroid treatment (combination:non-combination)	14:11	11:11	0.681‡

Continuous variables are presented with mean±standard deviation or n. Variables (age, sex, onset of symptom, dizziness, initial PTA, initial WRS, and duration of follow-up) found to have possible association in univariate analysis (p＜0.20) were entered into the multivariate logistic regression analysis model.

^*independent t-test,

^†Mann-Whitney test,

^‡chi-square test,

^§logistic regression test.

4 FA: four frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz), PTA: pure-tone average, WRS: word recognition score, SE: standard error, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval