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Exosome biogenesis, sorting, and trafficking. Exosomes originate from the endosome system. The endosome membrane invaginates and sprouts to form intraluminal vesicle (ILV), the early endosome. ILV matures to form multivesicular body (MVB) via ESCRT and Vsp4, i.e., the late endosome. MVB reach lysosome after ISGylation and its contents are degraded, or is transported to the cell membrane to release exosomes via SNAREs and RabGTPase.
