Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Control (n = 22) | SARS‐CoV‐2 (n = 21) | Statistics | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | |||
| Age | 57.1 ± 4.1 | 49.9 ± 3.6 | P = 0.2 a |
| Sex, % male (n) | 59.1 (13) | 57.1 (12) | P > 0.9 b |
| BMI | 26.9 ± 1.1 | 27.8 ± 1.2 | P = 0.6 a |
| Smokers (continued), % (n) | 9.1 (2) | 9.5 (2) | P > 0.9 b |
| Diabetes, % (n) | 27.3 (6) | 4.8 (1) | P = 0.09 b |
| Hypertension, % (n) | 50 (11) | 28.6 (6) | P = 0.2 b |
| Coronary artery disease, % (n) | 40.9 (9) | 4.8 (1) | P = 0.009 b |
| Chronic kidney disease, % (n) | 13.6 (3) | 9.5 (2) | P > 0.9 b |
| COPD, % (n) | 18.2 (4) | 0 (0) | P = 0.1 b |
| Asthma, % (n) | 13.6 (3) | 0 (0) | P = 0.2 b |
| Baseline medication | |||
| Baseline medication, % (n) | 68.2 (15) | 61.9 (13) | P = 0.8 b |
| ACE‐/AT1‐inhibitors, % (n) | 40.9 (9) | 19.1 (4) | P = 0.2 b |
| Beta‐blockers | 27.3 (6) | 19.1 (4) | P = 0.7 b |
| Aspirin (100 mg/day), % (n) | 36.4 (8) | 14.3 (3) | P = 0.2 b |
| Statins, % (n) | 40.9 (9) | 4.8 (1) | P = 0.009 b |
| Metformin, % (n) | 13.6 (3) | 0 (0) | P = 0.2 b |
| DPP4‐inhibitors, % (n) | 9.1 (2) | 0 (0) | P = 0.5 b |
| Sulfonylurea, % (n) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | P > 0.9 b |
| Gliflozins, % (n) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | P > 0.9 b |
| Incretins, % (n) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | P > 0.9 b |
| Insulin, % (n) | 4.6 (1) | 4.8 (1) | P > 0.9 b |
| Immunosuppressants, % (n) | 13.6 (3) | 9.5 (2) | P > 0.9 b |
| Symptoms | |||
| Onset of symptoms to presentation (days), median (95% CI) | 3.5 (1; 8) | 8 (5; 13) | P = 0.01 c |
| Fatigue, % (n) | 90.9 (20) | 100 (22) | P = 0.5 b |
| Fever, % (n) | 72.7 (16) | 77.3 (17) | P > 0.9 b |
| Dyspnoea, % (n) | 63.6 (14) | 66.7 (14) | P > 0.9 b |
| Coughing, % (n) | 68.2 (15) | 71.4 (15) | P > 0.9 b |
| Chills, % (n) | 59.1 (13) | 61.9 (13) | P > 0.9 b |
| Physical markers | |||
| Body temperature (°C) | 37.6 ± 0.2 | 37.7 ± 0.2 | P = 0.8 c |
| SpO2 (%) | 95.3 ± 0.6 | 94.95 ± 0.8 | P = 0.7 a |
| Respiratory rate (/min) | 20.5 ± 1.3 | 22 ± 1.5 | P = 0.4 c |
| Heart rate (b.p.m.) | 89.2 ± 4.5 | 95.6 ± 3.3 | P = 0.3 a |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 134.2 ± 5.2 | 132.9 ± 4.3 | P = 0.95 c |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 83.0 ± 2.9 | 80.4 ± 2.9 | P = 0.5 a |
| NEWS‐2 score | 3.1 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | P = 0.4 c |
ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; AT1, angiotensin II‐receptor‐subtype 1; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NEWS‐2, National Early Warning Score‐2.
a
t‐test.
b
Fisher's exact test.
c
Mann–Whitney U test.