TABLE 5.
Antimicrobial resistance pattern of clinical isolates of Bacillus cereus s.l.
| Interpretive Criteria (μg/mL) | IZSPB_ BC106 | IZSPB_ BC107 | IZSPB_ BC108 | IZSPB_ BC109 | IZSPB_ BC110 | IZSPB_ BC111 | IZSPB_ BC112 | IZSPB_ BC114 | IZSPB_ BC115 | IZSPB_ BC210 | IZSPB_ BC211 | IZSPB_ BC212 | IZSPB_ BC213 | IZSPB_ BC214 | IZSPB_ BC215 | IZSPB_ BC216 | IZSPB_ BC217 | ||||
| Antibioticrobial agent | Range | S | I | R | |||||||||||||||||
| Gentamicin | 0.008– 16 | ≤ 4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | S (1) | S (0.5) | S (1) | S (2) | S (1) | S (1) | S (1) | S (1) | S (0.5) | S (0.5) | S (2) | S (0.5) | S (1) | S (1) | S (1) | S (1) | S (1) |
| Penicillin G | 0.06– 128 | ≤ 0.12 | – | ≥ 0.25 | R (> 128) | R (8) | R (> 128) | R (32) | R (64) | R (> 128) | R (> 128) | R (> 128) | R (16) | R (> 128) | R (64) | R (> 128) | R (> 128) | R (> 128) | R (128) | R (> 128) | R (> 128) |
| Amoxicillin | 0.008– 16 | ≤ 0.12 | – | ≥ 0.25 | S (0.125) | S (0.125) | S (0.125) | S (0.125) | S (0.125) | S (0.125) | S (0.125) | S (0.06) | S (0.06) | S (0.06) | S (0.125) | S (0.06) | S (0.125) | S (0.06) | S (0.06) | S (0.125) | S (0.06) |
| Clindamycin | 0.008– 16 | ≤ 0.5 | 1– 2 | ≥ 4 | S (0.125) | S (0.125) | S (0.25) | S (0.25) | S (0.25) | S (0.50) | S (0.25) | S (0.25) | I (1) | R (> 16) | S (0.50) | I (1) | S (0.50) | S (0.50) | I (1) | I (1) | S (0.50) |
| Chlo.ramphenicol | 0.06– 128 | ≤ 8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | S (4) | S (4) | S (2) | S (4) | S (4) | S (4) | S (4) | S (4) | S (4) | S (4) | S (4) | S (2) | S (4) | S (2) | S (2) | S (1) | S (2) |
| Vancomycin | 0.03– 64 | ≤ 4 | – | – | S (2) | S (2) | S (2) | S (2) | S (2) | S (2) | S (2) | S (1) | S (2) | S (2) | S (1) | S (1) | S (2) | S (2) | S (1) | S (1) | S (2) |
| Linezolid | 0.03– 64 | ≤ 4 | – | ≥ 8 | S (2) | S (1) | S (1) | S (2) | S (2) | S (2) | S (1) | S (2) | S (2) | S (0.5) | S (1) | S (0.5) | S (1) | S (1) | S (1) | S (1) | S (1) |
| Erythromycin | 0.008– 16 | ≤ 0.5 | 1– 4 | ≥ 8 | S (0.125) | I (4) | I (4) | S (0.06) | S (0.06) | S (0.06) | S (0.06) | S (0.125) | S (0.5) | I (4) | S (0.06) | I (4) | S (0.5) | S (0.5) | S (0.06) | S (0.25) | S (0.5) |
| Tetracycline | 0.008– 16 | ≤ 4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | I (8) | S (4) | I (8) | I (8) | S (4) | S (4) | S (4) | S (1) | S (0.5) | S (0.5) | S (2) | I (8) | S (0.5) | S (0.5) | S (2) | S (2) | S (0.5) |
| Ciprofloxacin | 0.004– 8 | ≤ 1 | 2 | ≥ 4 | S (0.06) | S (0.06) | S (0.06) | S (0.06) | S (0.06) | S (0.06) | S (0.06) | S (0.03) | S (0.06) | S (0.06) | S (0.125) | S (0.25) | S (0.25) | S (0.06) | S (0.25) | S (0.125) | S (0.06) |
| Doxycycline | 0.002– 4 | ≤ 4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | S (0.06) | S (0.06) | S (0.25) | S (0.25) | S (0.125) | S (0.25) | S (0.25) | S (0.06) | S (0.03) | S (0.03) | S (0.25) | S (0.125) | S (0.06) | S (0.06) | S (0.125) | S (0.125) | S (0.03) |
| Rifampicin | 0.004– 8 | ≤ 1 | 2 | ≥ 4 | I (2) | S (0.5) | S (0.5) | I (2) | S (1) | S (1) | S (0.5) | S (1) | S (0.25) | S (0.06) | S (0.125) | S (0.125) | S (0.06) | S (0.125) | S (0.25) | S (0.25) | S (0.25) |
| Ceftriaxone | 0.25– 512 | ≤ 8 | 16– 32 | ≥ 64 | I (32) | R (64) | I (32) | I (32) | R (64) | I (32) | R (512) | I (32) | I (32) | R (> 512) | I (32) | I (32) | R (> 512) | R (> 512) | I (32) | R (> 512) | R (> 512) |
| Cefotaxime | 0.25– 512 | ≤ 8 | 16– 32 | ≥ 64 | I (32) | I (32) | I (16) | I (32) | I (32) | I (16) | R (128) | I (16) | I (16) | R (128) | I (32) | I (32) | R (128) | R (128) | I (32) | R (128) | R (128) |
| Trimethoprim | 0.06– 128 | – | – | ≥ 16 | R (> 128) | R (> 128) | R (> 128) | R (> 128) | R (> 128) | R (> 128) | R (> 128) | R (> 128) | R (> 128) | R (> 128) | R (> 128) | R (> 128) | R (> 128) | R (> 128) | R (> 128) | R (> 128) | R (> 128) |
All parameters were interpreted according to the NCCLS antimicrobial susceptibility standards for staphylococci. S, susceptible; I, intermediate; R, resistant. The breakpoints (μg/mL) for Staphylococcus spp. were used for linezolid, doxycicline and trimethoprim according to CLSI guidelines M100-S24 (2014), whereas for the other antimicrobials, the interpretative criteria for Bacillus spp. were used according to CLSI guidelines M45-A2 (2011). The MIC value (μg/mL) is shown in parentheses. S, susceptible; I, intermediate; R, resistant.