TABLE 1.
The infectious multi-organs in hamsters with COVID-19.
| Organ system | Days post inoculation |
||||||||||||||
| 3 |
5 |
7 |
18 |
37 |
|||||||||||
| Detection methods |
|||||||||||||||
| qPCR | IHC | ISH | qPCR | IHC | ISH | qPCR | IHC | ISH | qPCR | IHC | ISH | qPCR | IHC | ISH | |
| Respiratory system | |||||||||||||||
| Nasopharynges | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | – | - | - | - |
| Trachea | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | – | - | - | - |
| Lungs | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | – | - | - | - |
| Immune system | |||||||||||||||
| Spleen | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Lymph nodes | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Digestive system | |||||||||||||||
| Liver | + | ± | ± | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Small intestine | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Colon | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gallbladder | ND | – | – | ND | ± | ± | ND | – | – | ND | – | – | ND | – | – |
| Pancreas | ND | – | – | ND | ± | ± | ND | – | – | ND | – | – | ND | – | – |
| Urinary and genital systems | |||||||||||||||
| Kidneys | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ovary | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Testis | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Vesicular gland | ND | – | – | ND | – | – | ND | + | + | ND | – | – | ND | – | – |
| Prostate | ND | – | – | ND | – | – | ND | + | + | ND | – | – | ND | – | – |
| Cardiovascular system | |||||||||||||||
| Heart | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Endocrine system | |||||||||||||||
| Adrenal glands | – | – | – | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Nervous system | |||||||||||||||
| Cerebrum | – | – | – | + | ± | ± | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cerebellum | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
PCR, polymerase chain reaction; IHC, immunohistochemistry; ISH, in situ hybridization; ND, no detection; +, positive result; –, negative result; ±, positive result to be confirmed.