Table 3.

Determining TASQ responsiveness to clinical change

Domain	Baseline mean a	1 month mean a	Mean difference	P‐value	Effect size (Cohen's d)
Physical symptoms (1, 14)	8.53 ± 2.64	10.53 ± 2.06	2.00	<0.001	0.661	Medium
Physical limitations (3, 6, 7, 15)	14.82 ± 5.93	20.37 ± 5.07	5.55	<0.001	0.812	Large
Emotional impact (2, 8–13)	32.03 ± 10.30	36.86 ± 9.37	4.83	<0.001	0.456	Medium
Social limitations (4, 5)	10.17 ± 3.98	11.08 ± 3.32	0.91	0.001	0.208	Small
Health expectations (16)	5.78 ± 1.42	5.26 ± 1.71	−0.52	<0.001	−0.307	Small
TASQ total score	71.09 ± 19.43	84.15 ± 17.33	13.06	<0.001	0.637	Medium

TASQ, Toronto Aortic Stenosis Quality of Life Questionnaire.

The responsiveness of the TASQ domains to a clinical change was first assessed among patients who underwent aortic valve replacement and were alive at 1 month after the procedure (n = 243). Scores at baseline and 1 month were compared using paired t‐tests. Cohen's d effect size, which quantifies the magnitude of change relative to baseline variation, was also used to assess the responsiveness of the questionnaire to clinical change. In general, an effect size of 0.2 to 0.3 indicates a small effect, around 0.5 is a medium effect, and ≥0.8 is a large effect.

^aMean ± standard deviation.