Table 2.
Comparison of haemodynamic parameters obtained prior to VA‐ECMO weaning between the 30 day survivor and non‐survivor groups
| Overall (n = 50) | 30 day survivors (n = 24) | Non‐survivors (n = 26) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VA‐ECMO flow (L/min) | 1.9 (1.7–2.8) | 1.8 (1.7–2.0) | 2.0 (1.7–3.2) | 0.11 |
| VA‐ECMO duration (days) | 3.9 (2.2–5.8) | 3.9 (2.1–5.8) | 3.9 (2.2–6.0) | 0.95 |
| Total VA‐ECMO duration (days) | 4.5 (2.3–6.3) | 4.0 (2.2–5.9) | 4.8 (2.3–6.9) | 0.56 |
| IABP, n (%) | 48 (96) | 22 (92) | 26 (100) | 0.23 |
| Vasoactive inotropic score a | 7.1 (5.0–13.6) | 7.0 (5.0–13.7) | 8.1 (4.8–15.2) | 0.94 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 104 (91–124) | 114 (93–127) | 100 (87–122) | 0.24 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 50 (47–65) | 54 (46–69) | 50 (47–56) | 0.47 |
| Mean BP (mmHg) | 70 (65–81) | 75 (65–85) | 69 (65–79) | 0.24 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 47 (39–66) | 50 (39–80) | 45 (38–58) | 0.44 |
| Heart rate (/min) | 82 (75–95) | 83 (80–94) | 82 (73–97) | 0.34 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | ||||
| LVDd (mm) | 49 (44–58) | 50 (44–55) | 48 (42–62) | 0.85 |
| LVDs (mm) | 43 (35–50) | 42 (36–49) | 44 (34–58) | 0.28 |
| FS (%) | 15 (7–19) | 18 (12–22) | 11 (6–16) | 0.003 |
| VTI (cm) | 9.0 (6.7–11.4) | 10.8 (9.0–12.1) | 7.3 (4.6–8.5) | <0.001 |
| LVET (ms) | 209 (170–250) | 237 (200–266) | 185 (140–222) | 0.004 |
| LVETc (ms) | 240 (198–282) | 265 (225–308) | 208 (159–251) | <0.001 |
| PA catheter parameters | ||||
| PAWP (mmHg) | 15 (10–17) | 14 (9–16) | 16 (13–18) | 0.049 |
| Mean PAP (mmHg) | 20 (16–23) | 20 (15–25) | 20 (16–23) | 0.94 |
| RAP (mmHg) | 9 (6–12) | 9 (6–11) | 10 (6–12) | 0.97 |
| Other haemodynamic parameters | ||||
| SVO2 (%) | 72 (63–78) | 76 (64–79) | 67 (61–74) | 0.072 |
| LVETc∕PAWP (ms/mmHg) | 16.8 (12.4–24.1) | 22.0 (16.5–28.7) | 12.9 (9.9–17.5) | <0.001 |
BP, blood pressure; FS, fractional shortening; IABP, intra‐aortic balloon pump; LVDd, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter; LVDs, left ventricular end‐systolic diameter; LVET, left ventricular ejection time; LVETc, corrected left ventricular ejection time; PA, pulmonary artery; PAP, pulmonary artery pressure; PAWP, pulmonary artery wedge pressure; RAP, right atrial pressure; SVO2, mixed venous oxygen saturation; VA‐ECMO, veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; VTI, left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral.
Vasoactive inotropic score was calculated using the following formula: dopamine (μg/kg/min) + dobutamine (μg/kg/min) + 100 × norepinephrine (μg/kg/min) + 10 × phosphodiesterase inhibitor (μg/kg/min) + 10 000 × vasopressin (U/kg/min).