Table 4.

Linear regression analysis for association between left atrial reservoir strain and peak VO₂ according to different patient selection criteria

LA reservoir strain, %	2016 ESC HF guideline (n = 55)	2020 HFA of the ESC consensus recommendation (n = 47)	LVEF ≥ 50%, sinus rhythm, without valve procedure (n = 40)
Unadjusted	β 0.36, P = 0.006, 95% CI 0.06–0.33	β 0.32, P = 0.03, 95% CI 0.01–0.29	β 0.37, P = 0.01, 95% CI 0.04–0.38
Adjusted for age, sex, BMI	β 0.36, P = 0.005, 95% CI 0.06–0.32	β 0.31, P = 0.03, 95% CI 0.01–0.29	β 0.36, P = 0.009, 95% CI 0.05–0.35

BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; ESC, European Society of Cardiology; HFA, Heart Failure Association; LA, left atrium; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.