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. 2021 Jan 12;14:609670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.609670

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Copyright © 2021 Azadian, Tian, Bazrafkan, Maki, Rafi, Chetty, Desai, Otarola, Aguirre, Zaher, Khan, Suri, Wang, Lopour, Steward and Akbari.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Capillary blood ketone (β-hydroxybutyrate) levels of control vs. CR rats. Blood ketones were measured after 14 h of caloric restriction. CR significantly increases ketone levels. t = 7.701, df = 26, ^∗p < 0.01; by unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction. CR, caloric restriction; CON, control; SEM, standard error of the mean.