Table 2.

Independent correlates of depression, anxiety, and combined depression and anxiety in older patients with psychiatric disorder.

Variable	Depressiona			Anxietya			Combined depression and anxietya
	P	OR	95%CI	P	OR	95%CI	P	OR	95%CI
Rural area	0.18	1.29	0.88–1.89	0.27	1.20	0.86–1.68	0.08	1.36	0.95–1.93
Having severe physical diseases	0.20	1.35	0.85–2.15	0.02	1.57	1.05–2.35	0.05	1.49	0.98–2.26
Poor treatment adherenceb	0.20	1.25	0.88–1.78	<0.01	1.50	1.11–2.03	0.02	1.42	1.03–1.95
Difficulty attending psychiatric hospitalb	0.08	1.38	0.95–1.99	0.08	1.33	0.96–1.84	0.06	1.37	0.97–1.91
Primary psychiatric diagnoses
Major depressive disorder	Ref.	—	—	Ref.	—	—	Ref.	—	—
Schizophrenia	0.88	0.95	0.51–1.77	0.19	0.67	0.37–1.22	0.04	0.50	0.26–0.97
Organic mental disorder	0.12	0.57	0.28–1.16	0.44	0.78	0.41–1.47	0.23	0.66	0.34–1.29
Othersc	<0.01	0.50	0.35–0.71	0.06	0.74	0.54–1.01	<0.01	0.53	0.38–0.73
Education years	0.67	0.99	0.94–1.03	0.25	0.97	0.93–1.01	0.61	0.98	0.94–1.03
ISI total score	<0.01	1.29	1.24–1.34	<0.01	1.15	1.12–1.18	<0.01	1.19	1.16–1.23
Pain score	<0.01	1.14	1.03–1.25	<0.01	1.11	1.02–1.20	<0.01	1.15	1.06–1.25

Values in bold indicate <0.05.

CI confidential interval, COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease 2019, ISI Insomnia Severity Index, OR odds ratio, Ref. reference group.

^aResidences were controlled as covariate.

^bObservation period was during the COVID-19 outbreak.

^cOnly psychiatric diagnoses with the percentage of >5% are presented separately; those with percentage of <5% were included in “others”.