3.

Oswestry功能障碍指数

Oswestry disability index

Score	0	1	2	3	4	5
Pain intensity	I can tolerate the pain I have without having to use pain killers	The pain is bad but I manage without taking pain killers	Pain killers give complete relief from pain	Pain killers give moderate relief from pain	Pain killers give very little relief from pain	Pain killers have no effect on the pain and I do not use them
Personal care	I can look after myself normally without causing extra pain	I can look after myself normally but it causes extra pain	It is painful to look after myself and I am slow and careful	I need some help but manage most of my personal care	I need help every day in most aspects of self care	I do not get dressed wash with difficulty and stay in bed
Lifting	I can lift heavy weights without extra pain	I can lift heavy weights but it gives extra pain	Pain prevents me from lifting heavy weights off the floor but I can manage if they are conveniently positioned for example on a table	Pain prevents me from lifting heavy weights but I can manage light to medium weights if they are conveniently positioned	I can lift only very light weights	I cannot lift or carry anything at all
Walking	Pain does not prevent me walking any distance	Pain prevents me walking more than 1 mile	Pain prevents me walking more than 0.5 miles	Pain prevents me walking more than 0.25 miles	I can only walk using a stick or crutches	I am in bed most of the time and have to crawl to the toilet
Sitting	I can sit in any chair as long as I like	I can only sit in my favourite chair as long as I like	Pain prevents me sitting more than 1 hour	Pain prevents me from sitting more than 0.5 hours	Pain prevents me from sitting more than 10 minutes	Pain prevents me from sitting at all
Standing	I can stand as long as I want without extra pain	I can stand as long as I want but it gives me extra pain	Pain prevents me from standing for more than 1 hour	Pain prevents me from standing for more than 30 minutes	Pain prevents me from standing for more than 10 minutes	Pain prevents me from standing at all
Sleeping	Pain does not prevent me from sleeping well	I can sleep well only by using tablets	Even when I take tablets I have less than 6 hours sleep	Even when I take tablets I have less than 4 hours sleep	Even when I take tablets I have less than 2 hours of sleep	Pain prevents me from sleeping at all
Sex life	My sex life is normal and causes no extra pain	My sex life is normal but causes some extra pain	My sex life is nearly normal but is very painful	My sex life is severely restricted by pain	My sex life is nearly absent because of pain	Pain prevents any sex life at all
Social life	My social life is normal and gives me no extra pain	My social life is normal but increases the degree of pain	Pain has no significant effect on my social life apart from limiting my more energetic interests such as dancing	Pain has restricted my social life and I do not go out as often	Pain has restricted my social life to my home	I have no social life because of pain
Travelling	I can travel anywhere without extra pain	I can travel anywhere but it gives me extra pain	Pain is bad but I manage journeys over 2 hours	Pain restricts me to journeys of less than 1 hour	Pain restricts me to short necessary journeys under 30 minutes	Pain prevents me from travelling except to the doctor or hospital