. 2021 Jan 19;13(1):124. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010124

Table 2.

Characteristics of the drugs used in the study. The main enzymatic targets (substrates, inhibitors, and inducers) are specified.

Drug Name and Chemical Structure	HAM	ATC Class (Code)	BDDCS Class	ALOX5	AMPK	BSEP	COX	CYP	GLP-1	HMGCoAR	MAO	NMDA	ABC			PLA2G2A	SLC	UGT	References
Drug Name and Chemical Structure	HAM	ATC Class (Code)	BDDCS Class	ALOX5	AMPK	BSEP	COX	CYP	GLP-1	HMGCoAR	MAO	NMDA	BCRP	MRP	Pgp	PLA2G2A	PEPT; OCT; OAT, MATE, OATP	UGT	References
Alprazolam	Y	Benzodiazepine derivatives (N05BA12)	I	^-	^-	^-	^-	3A4^S↓ 3A5^S 3A7^S 2C9^S 2C19^S	^-	^-	^-	^-	^-	^-	^-	^-	^-	^-	[217,218,219]
Atorvastatin	Y	HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (C10AA05)	II	^-	^-	^S	^-	3A4^S↑ 3A5^S 3A7^S 2B6^↑ 2C8^S↓ 2C9^↑ 2C19^↓ 2D6^↓	^-	^↓	^-	^-	^S	1^S 2^S 4^S 5^S	^S↓	^-	21A3^S 21A6^S↓ 21A8^S 21A9^S	1A1^S 1A3^S	[218,219,220,221,222]
Clopidogrel	Y	Platelet aggregation inhibitors excl. heparin (B01AC04)	II	^-	^-	^-	^-	1A2^S 3A4^S 3A5^S 2B6^S↓ 2C8^↓ 2C9^S↓ 2C19^S	^-	^-	^-	^-	^↓	^-	^S	^-	21A8^S 22A1^↓22A2^↓	^-	[218,219,223,224,225]
Diclofenac	Y	Anti-inflammatory agents, non-steroids (S01BC03)	II	^↑	^-	^S	1^↓ 2^↓	1A2^S 3A4^S↓ 2B6^S 2C8^S 2C9^S↓ 2C18^S 2C19^S 2E1^↓	^-	^-	^-	^-	^S	1^↓ 4^↓	^↑	^↓	21A6^↓ 21A8^S 21A14^↓ 22A11^↓ 22A6^↓ 22A8^↓	1A3^s 1A9^s 2B4^s 2B7^s	[218,219,226,227]
Memantine	N	Other anti-dementia drugs (N06DX01)	III	^-	^-	^-	^-	2B6^↓ 2C19^↓	^-	^-	^-	^ANT	^-	^-	^-	^-	15A1^↓ 15A2^↓ 22A8^↓ 22A1^↓ 22A2^S↓ 22A4^S 47A1^S	^-	[218,222,228,229,230,231]
Metformin	Y	Biguanides (A10BA02)	III		^↑	^-	^-	^-	^↑	^-	^-	^-	^S	^-	^-	^-	22A1^S 22A2^S↓ 22A3^S 47A1^S 47A2^S	^-	[218,222,232,233,234,235]
Piracetam	N	Other psychostimulants and nootropics (N06BX03)	III	^-	^-	^-	^-	^-	^-	^-	^-	^-	^-	^-	⁰	^-	^-	^-	[236]
Propranolol	Y	β-blocking agents, non-selective (C07AA05)	I	^-	^-	^-	^-	1A1^↓ 1A2^S 3A4^S 3A5^S 3A7^S 2C19^S 2D6^S↓	^-	^-	A^↓	^-	^-	^-	^S	^-	22A2^↓	^-	[218,237,238,239,240]
Sertraline	N	Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (N06AB06)	I	^-	^-	^-	^-	1A2^↓ 3A4^S 2B6^S↓ 2C9^S↓ 2C19^S↓ 2D6^S↓ 2E1^S	^-	^-	A^S B^S	^-	^S	^-	^S↓	^-	6A2^↓ 6A3^↓S 6A4^↓S 36A1^↓	1A3^S 1A6^S 2B4^S 2B7^S	[217,218,219,241,242,243]
Tadalafil	N	Drugs used in erectile dysfunction (G04BE08)	II	^-	^-	^-	^-	3A4^S 3A5^S	^-	^-	^-	^-	^-	^-	^S	^-	^-	^-	[218,219,244]

^↓—target inhibition; ^↑—target induction; ^s—drug is substrate of the target; ^ANT—drug is a target antagonist; ⁰—No effect; (^—)—Not reported; ABC—ATP-binding cassette; ALOX5—Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase; AMPK—AMP-activated protein kinase; BCRP—Breast cancer resistance protein; BSEP—Bile salt export pump (ABCB11); COX—Cyclooxygenase; CYP—Cytochrome P450; GLP-1—Glucagon-like peptide-1; HMGCoAR—3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaril-CoA reductase; MAO—Monoamine Oxidase; MATE—Multi-antimicrobial extrusion protein; MRP—Multidrug resistance-associated protein; NMDA—N-methyl-d-aspartate; OAT—Organic anion transporter; OATP—Organic-anion-transporting polypeptide; OCT—Organic cation transport; P-gP—Glycoprotein P; UGT—Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase; PLA2G2A—Phospholipase A2 Group IIA; SLC—Solute Carriers (15A/PEPT; 22A1-3/OCT1-3; 22A4/OCTN1; 22A6,8,11/OAT1,3,4; 47A/MATE; 21A3/OATP1A2; 21A6,8/OATP1B1,3; 21A9/OATP2B1; 21A14/OATP1C1); PEPT—Peptide transporter. HAM—High-Alert Medications [44]; Y—yes; N—No; ATC—Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical [36]; BDDCS—Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System [37,38,39,40,41,42,43].