TABLE 2.

Knowledge of AMR among healthcare professionals at UTH, lusaka, Zambia.

Knowledge questions	Total n = 304 (%)	Nurses n = 100 (%)	Physicians n = 65 (%)	Pharmacists n = 58 (%)	Biomedical personnel n = 80 (%)	p-value
1. Widespread or over use of antibiotics promotes antimicrobial resistance	141 (46.5)	39 (39)	33 (22.7)	32 (22.7)	37 (26.2)	0.21
2. Inappropriate empiric choices promote antimicrobial resistance	117 (38.9)	29 (29)	24 (20.5)	33 (28.3)	31 (26.5)	0.01
3. Inappropriate duration of antibiotics course promotes antimicrobial resistance	139 (45.8)	40 (40)	33 (23.7)	33 (23.7)	33 (23.7)	0.14
4. Poor access to local antibiograms data promotes antimicrobial resistance	95 (31.5)	33 (34.7)	19 (20.0)	21 (22.1)	22 (23.2)	0.71
5. Microbe mutations cause antimicrobial resistance	121 (40.3)	16 (13.2)	19 (15.7)	36 (29.8)	50 (41.3)	<0.001
6. Patient demands and expectations promote antimicrobial resistance	59 (19.9)	32 (54.2)	6 (10.2)	7 (11.9)	14 (23.7)	<0.001
7. Prescribers' poor awareness promotes antimicrobial resistance	120 (39.9)	36 (30.0)	26 (21.7)	23 (19.2)	35 (29.2)	0.82
8. Self-medication by patients promotes antimicrobial resistance	168 (55.8)	51 (51)	37 (55.8)	35 (60.3)	45 (56.3)	0.78
9. Poor infection control in hospitals spread antimicrobial resistance	94 (31.3)	28 (28.6)	16 (25.0)	22 (37.9)	28 (35.0)	0.36
10. Patient poor adherence promotes antimicrobial resistance	170 (56.7)	50 (51.0)	40 (62.5)	37 (63.8)	43 (53.8)	0.30
11. Sub-standard quality of antibiotics promotes antimicrobial resistance	122 (41.1)	31 (32.3)	29 (45.3)	26 (44.8)	36 (45.6)	0.21
Overall score (mean ± SD) a	6.64 ± 1.36	5.57 ± 1.23	5.83 ± 1.41	7.67 ± 1.52	6.55 ± 1.71	0.01

^aAll values are means with their respective Standard Deviations (SD), and p-value from One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Otherwise, chi-square tests were used.