Figure 8.
Gene expression analysis for different key genes after treatment of Caco-2 cells with IC50 of retinoids for 24 h. Shown are (A) RARs (α-, β- and γ-), (B) Key regulatory genes for extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis, (C) apoptotic Bax, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and p53, (D) RAI2 and WRN genes, and (E) metastasis and invasion genes (IGF1-R, TGF-β and E-cadherin). The quantification of target mRNA after retinoid treatment was relative to Caco-2 cells incubated with 0.1% DMSO vehicle for 24 h and was normalized to the internal reference gene glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (dashed line at 1). Relative gene expression was calculated by 2^−ΔΔCt method and presented as an average of three independent experiments. The values are considered statistically significant compared to solvent-treated control at * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Data are represented as mean ± SEM, n = 3.