Table 1. Demographics of Patients Who Tested Positive for COVID-19 Within the Cleveland Clinic Health System.
| Characteristic | Smokers, No. (%) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never (n = 6020) | 0-10 Pack-years (n = 341) | 10-30 Pack-years (n = 400) | >30 Pack-years (n = 341) | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 47.8 (19.3) | 56.5 (17.2) | 65.2 (13.8) | 71.0 (11.0) | <.001 |
| Female | 3683 (61.2) | 191 (56.0) | 212 (53.0) | 145 (42.5) | <.001 |
| Race | |||||
| Black | 1911 (31.7) | 120 (35.2) | 100 (25.0) | 78 (22.9) | <.001 |
| White | 3370 (56.0) | 201 (58.9) | 277 (69.3) | 245 (71.9) | |
| Other | 424 (7.0) | 8 (2.4) | 12 (3.0) | 7 (2.0) | |
| BMI score | |||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 41 (0.7) | 2 (0.6) | 11 (2.8) | 3 (0.9) | <.001 |
| Normal (18.5-24.9) | 682 (11.3) | 35 (10.3) | 48 (12.0) | 66 (19.4) | |
| Overweight (25.0-29.9) | 1081 (18.0) | 54 (15.8) | 92 (23.0) | 85 (24.9) | |
| Obese (>30.0) | 1632 (27.1) | 125 (36.7) | 132 (33.0) | 125 (36.7) | |
| Pack-years, mean (SD) | 0a | 5.3 (3.4) | 20.8 (5.8) | 55.1 (24.9) | <.001 |
| Current smokers | 0a | 49 (14.4) | 67 (16.8) | 56 (16.4) | .64 |
| Received flu shot this year | 1742 (45.6) | 220 (64.5) | 253 (63.3) | 259 (76.0) | <.001 |
| Comorbidity | |||||
| COPD/emphysema | 156 (2.6) | 32 (9.4) | 91 (22.8) | 161 (47.2) | <.001 |
| Asthma | 946 (15.7) | 85 (24.9) | 95 (23.8) | 78 (22.9) | |
| Diabetes | 1006 (16.7) | 89 (26.1) | 134 (33.5) | 147 (43.1) | |
| Hypertension | 2263 (37.6) | 196 (57.5) | 281 (70.3) | 288 (85.5) | |
| Coronary artery disease | 423 (7.0) | 48 (14.1) | 106 (26.5) | 147 (43.1) | |
| Heart failure | 348 (5.8) | 32 (9.4) | 76 (19.0) | 110 (32.3) | |
| Cancer (historical or current) | 583 (9.7) | 63 (18.5) | 105 (26.3) | 105 (30.8) | |
| Medicationsb | |||||
| Inhaled or oral corticosteroids | 583 (9.7) | 58 (17.0) | 60 (15.0) | 66 (19.4) | .62 |
| NSAIDs | 1205 (20.0) | 100 (29.3) | 117 (29.3) | 105 (30.8) | .98 |
| ACE inhibitor | 441 (7.3) | 53 (15.5) | 61 (15.3) | 51 (15.0) | .99 |
| ARB | 350 (5.8) | 34 (10.0) | 46 (11.5) | 48 (14.1) | .56 |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019 NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
a
Not included in P value calculation to assess differences.
b
Significant when nonsmokers are excluded in the analysis of variance (P < .001).