Table 16.
Agri-food by-products as a photoprotective source in the formulation of sunscreens.
| By-Product | Study | Result | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Passion fruit seed | Formulation of sunscreen as foundation and correction makeup | The 3% passion fruit polar extract correctors had a sun protection factor (SPF) of 18.09 ± 1.48 and 18.60 ± 1.21. Did not cause skin irritation when evaluated in human volunteers | [275] |
| Grapeseed | Evaluation of the protective effects of grape seed on fibroblasts irradiated with UV light | Grape seed increased cell viability and effectively protected fibroblasts from UV damage, also improving UV filter absorbency and overall formulation efficacy | [267] |
| Oat shell and walnut | Determination of functional properties such as antioxidant power and UV absorption capacity of lignans extracted from by-products | The extracted lignans showed adequate protection against UV radiation, a property of great interest to block the entire ultraviolet spectrum | [276] |
| Industrial coffee waste | Biological effects of the by-product in the development of a new generation of solar filters | The emulsion containing 35% (w/w) of the coffee fraction showed improvements in water performance with a broad spectrum of sun protection (SPF) compared to an emulsion containing 35% (w/w) of green coffee that improved the SPF in physical sunscreens | [277] |
| Waste from the guava industry | Formulation of a cosmetic product as a sunscreen | The polar extract showed synergy with the UV chemical filter (Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate), enhancing the sun protection factor by 17.99% | [278] |
| Grape seeds | By-product effect and its UV and visible light protection capacity | The by-product showed the ability to absorb a wide range of the solar spectrum, including ultraviolet and blue light. At a concentration of 100 µg/mL, it significantly inhibited nitrous oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells (commonly used model of mouse macrophages for the study of cellular responses) | [279] |
| Rambutan skin | Develop a sunscreen based on rambutan skin polar extracts | The by-product can synergistically increase the sun protection factor (SPF) values of synthetic organic sunscreens and lower costs in a sunscreen formulation | [280] |
| Shells and seeds Amazonian fruits | Determine the protection capacity of polar seed extracts against UV light | The polar extracts showed high capacity, especially Caryocar villosum, Garcinia madruno, and Bertholletia excelsa with UV absorption peaks, and piquiá, bacurizinho, and açaí seeds (Euterpe oleracea and E. precatoria) | [281] |