Table 1.
Current human trials for SARS-CoV-2 using mRNA lipid nanoparticles. All mRNA vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 clinical trials use a lipid nanoparticle for delivery. The identity and composition of each has not been publicly disclosed, so their probable class (shown below) is based on the available literature and patent citations.
| Company | mRNA Type | Immunogen | mRNA Dose (µg) | Confirmed or Probable LNP Class | Publications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderna | nucleoside modified mRNA | membrane bound prefusion stabilized spike | 100 | Lipid H [42] confirmed in [41] |
[43,44,45,46] |
| BioNTech Pfizer |
nucleoside modified mRNA | membrane bound prefusion stabilized spike | 30 | Acuitas ALC-0315 [47] confirmed in [40] |
[48,49,50,51] |
| CureVac | unmodified mRNA | membrane bound prefusion stabilized spike | 12 | Acuitas ALC-0315 [47] | [52,53] |
| TranslateBio Sanofi |
unmodified mRNA | prefusion stabilized double mutant spike | 7.5 | ICE [54] or Cysteine [55] | [56] |
| Arcturus | self-amplifying mRNA | full length spike | 1–10 | Lipid 2,2 (8,8) 4C CH3 [57] | [58] |
| Imperial College | self-amplifying mRNA | membrane bound prefusion stabilized spike | 1–10 | Acuitas A9 [59] | [60] |
| Chulalongkorn | nucleoside modified mRNA | secreted wild type spike | Not available | Genevant CL1 [61] | NA |