Table 2.

Factors associated with upper tertile of the task-oriented and emotion-oriented scale of the Coping Inventory to Stressful Situations (CISS) in Emergency participants following the initial Italian Coronavirus pandemic period

	Task-oriented scale		Emotion-oriented scale
Variables	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Impact on personal budget	2.48 (1.41–4.36)	0.002	–	–
Male sex	1.96 (1.47–2.61)	<0.001	0.65 (0.48–0.87)	0.004
Impact on leisure time	1.60 (1.17–2.17)	0.003	1.56 (1.15–2.13)	0.004
Living with sons	1.45 (1.09–1.94)	0.011	–	–
Age (decades)	0.86 (0.75–0.98)	0.023	0.81 (0.71–0.92)	0.002
Use of hypnotics	0.39 (0.19–0.81)	0.011	2.83 (1.57–5.08)	0.001
Use of analgesics	–	–	5.31 (2.65–10.63)	<0.001
Alcohol /drugs abuse	–	–	1.67 (1.18–2.39)	0.004

Variables not included in the models: role in the ED (physician or nurse), ED area (pre-hospital emergency care, first line or short stay unit), work regional area, marital status, living with elderly, comorbidity index, impact on family planning, severe illness or death of family members or relatives/friends, occurrence of COVID or positivity during the pandemic period.

A multivariable model was developed by stepwise forward analysis of factors significant in univariable analysis and according to selected predictors. Data were expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Colinearity was tested by the variation inflation factor (<2, not significant) in the analyses.