Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of eligible studies
| Author | Publication year | Study design | Trial | Country/area | Intervention in treatment and control arms | Population | Overall sample size (n) | Follow-up period | Age (year, mean ± SD) | Sex (male%) | Imaging | Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Januzzi | 2017 | RCT | – | Multiple countries and areas | Canagliflozin 100 mg/day or 300 mg/day; placebo | Older patients with T2DM | 666 | 52 weeks | 63.74 ± 6.31 | 57.27% | – | NT-proBNP |
| Bonora | 2019 | RCT | DAPA-HDL | Italy | Dapagliflozin 10 mg/day; placebo | T2DM, excluding HF patients with NYHA classes III-IV | 30 | 12 weeks | 63.4 ± 6.9 | 66.70% | ICG | LVEF |
| Brown | 2020 | RCT | DAPA-LVH | UK | Dapagliflozin 10 mg/day; placebo | T2DM, excluding patients diagnosed as clinical HF | 66 | 12 months | 65.53 ± 6.87 | 57.60% | MRI; ECHO | LVMI, LVEF, GLS, E/e', NT-proBNP |
| Ikonomidis | 2020 | RCT | – | Greece | SGLT2i; standard care without SGLT2i | T2DM | 160 | 12 months | 58 ± 10 | 72% | ECHO | LVEF, GLS |
| Katakami | 2020 | RCT | UTOPIA | Japan | Tofogliflozin 20 mg/day; conventional drugs | T2DM | 340 | 52 weeks | 61.10 ± 9.49 | 58.40% | – | NT-proBNP |
| Kayano | 2020 | RCT | – | Japan | Dapagliflozin 5 mg/day; conventional therapy | T2DM candidates with hypertension (grade 1 or 2) and/or a history of ischemic heart disease | 74 | 6 months | 67.65 ± 8.53 | 89.18% | ECHO | E/eʹ, NT-proBNP |
| Oldgren | 2020 | RCT | DAPACARD | Sweden and Finland | Dapagliflozin 10 mg/day; placebo | T2DM with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (≥ 50%) assessed within 1 year | 49 | 6 weeks | 64.4 ± 7.2 | 53% | MRI | GLS |
| Shim | 2020 | RCT | IDDIA | Korea | Dapagliflozin 10 mg/day; placebo | T2DM and LV diastolic dysfunction | 60 | 24 weeks | – | – | ECHO | LVMI, LAVI, E/eʹ |
| Verma | 2019 | RCT | EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 | Canada | Empagliflozin 10 mg/day; placebo | T2DM and CAD, excluding patients with an LVEF < 30%, NYHA class IV or hospitalized for decompensated HF within the preceding 3 months | 97 | 6 months | 67.6 ± 6.6 | 80% | MRI | LVMI, LVEDVI, LVESVI, LAVI, LVEF, E/eʹ, NT-proBNP |
| Anker | 2020 | RCT | EMPEROR-Reduced | Multiple countries and areas | Empagliflozin 10 mg/day; placebo | T2DM and CHF | 1856 | 52 weeks | 66.70 ± 10.15 | 76.90% | – | KCCQ, NT-proBNP |
| Bhatt | 2020 | RCT | SOLOIST-WHF | Multiple countries and areas | Sotagliflozin 200 mg/day; placebo | T2DM recently hospitalized for worsening heart failure | 1222 | 4 months | 69.90 ± 9.34 | 66.24% | – | KCCQ |
| Carbone | 2020 | RCT | CANA-HF | US | Canagliflozin 100 mg/day; sitagliptin 100 mg/day | T2DM and HFrEF | 36 | 12 weeks | 56.1 ± 7.8 | 77.77% | ECHO | LVEDVI, LVESVI, LVEF, E/eʹ |
| de Boer | 2020 | RCT | – | Multiple countries and areas | Empagliflozin 25 mg/day; placebo | T2DM and CHF | 63 | 12 weeks | 68.02 ± 9.10 | 61.93% | – | NT-proBNP |
| Eickhoff | 2020 | RCT (crossover) | DapKid | Denmark | Dapagliflozin 10 mg/day; placebo | T2DM and CHF | 40 | 12 weeks | 64 ± 8 | 89% | ECHO | LVMI, LVEF, GLS, E/eʹ, NT-proBNP |
| Ejiri | 2020 | RCT | MUSCAT-HF | Japan | Luseogliflozin 2.5 mg/day; voglibose | T2DM and HFpEF | 165 | 12 weeks | 73.1412 ± 7.8130 | 62.52% | ECHO | LVMI, LAVI, LVEF, E/eʹ, NT-proBNP |
| Griffin | 2020 | RCT (crossover) | – | US | Empagliflozin 10 mg/day; placebo | T2DM and HF | 20 | 14 days | 60 ± 12 | 75% | – | NT-proBNP |
| Januzzi | 2020 | RCT | CANVAS; CANVAS-R | Multiple countries and areas | Canagliflozin 100 or 300 mg/day; placebo | T2DM and high risk for cardiovascular events | 3587 | 1 year | 62.6999 ± 7.8670 | 67% | – | NT-proBNP |
| Mordi | 2020 | RCT (crossover) | RECEDE-CHF | UK | Empagliflozin 25 mg/day; placebo | T2DM and CHF | 23 | 6 weeks | 69.8 ± 5.7 | 73.90% | – | NT-proBNP |
| Petrie | 2020 | RCT | DAPA-HF | Multiple countries and areas | Dapagliflozin 10 mg/day; placebo | T2DM and HFrEF | 2139 | 8 months | 66.50 ± 9.85 | 77.70% | – | NT-proBNP, KCCQ |
| Singh | 2020 | RCT | REFORM | UK | Dapagliflozin 10 mg/day; placebo | T2DM and CHF | 56 | 1 year | 67.1 | 66.10% | MRI | LVMI, LVEDVI, LVESVI, LAVI, LVEF |
| Tanaka | 2020 | RCT | CANDLE | Japan | Canagliflozin 100 mg/day; glimepiride 0.5 to 6.0 mg/day | T2DM and HF | 233 | 24 weeks | 68.6 ± 10.1 | 74.71% | ECHO | LVEF, E/e', NT-proBNP |
RCT randomized controlled trial, SGLT2i sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, HF heart failure, CHF chronic heart failure, HFrEF heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, HFpEF heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, CAD coronary artery disease, CV cardiovascular, NYHA New York Heart Association, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, ECHO echocardiography, ICG impedance cardiography, LVMI left ventricular mass indexed by body surface area, LVEDVI left ventricular end diastolic volume indexed by body surface area, LVESVI left ventricular end systolic volume indexed by body surface area, LAVI left atrial volume indexed by body surface area, GLS global longitudinal strain: E/e' mitral inflow to mitral relaxation velocity ratio, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, KCCQ the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, UK the United Kingdom, US the United States