Table 1.
Treatment of skin manifestations associated with COVID-19
| Skin manifestations | Proposed treatment | References |
|---|---|---|
| Chilblain/pernio-like lesions | No treatment | 28, 36, 37, 38 |
| Topical corticosteroids for discomfort | 16, 39, 41, 42 | |
| Acro-ischemic lesions | Topical corticosteroids alone and/or in combination with topical antibiotics | 4, 5, 18, 40, 43, 44, 45 |
| Low-molecular-weight heparin | 31 | |
| Varicelliform-like/vesicular lesions | Wait and see | 3, 4 |
| COVID-19 protocols | ||
| Maculopapular eruption | Topical corticosteroids | 4, 47, 49 |
| Oral antihistamines | ||
| Oral corticosteroids | ||
| Vitamin C | 50 | |
| Topical corticosteroids | ||
| Urticarial eruption | Oral antihistamines | 3, 51, 52, 53, 54 |
| Oral steroids | 55 | |
| Purpuric/petechial/livedoid lesions | Support measures | 30, 57, 58 |
| Anticoagulation | ||
| Systemic steroids (if leukocytoclastic vasculitis see below) | ||
| Erythema multiforme-like eruption | Systemic steroids | 59, 60 |
| Leukocytoclastic vasculitis | Systemic steroids | 61, 62 |