Fig. 4.

CUR alone, or in combination with a VO-enriched diet, suppressed anti-collagen type II (CII) antibodies in the CIA mice. Saline control and CIA mice under different conditions as indicated were euthanized by cardiac puncture under anesthesia on day 29 after the first CII challenge. Serum concentrations of a anti-mouse collagen type II antibodies and b anti-bovine collagen type II antibodies were monitored by ELISA. Percent abundance shown is compared to CIA mice on the normal diet. Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison post hoc test was used to determine the p values and Mann–Whitney U test was used to determine the p value between any two groups (*p ≤ 0.05 and **p ≤ 0.01)