Table 3.

Results of Granger causality test for the VAR(2) model

Granger	Bivariate test				Multivariate test
Cause	∆NCC	∆OMC	∆OMA	∆OMS
∆NCC	-	1.50(0.230)	0.34(0.713)	0.49(0.613)	0.68(0.664)
∆OMC	23.12(0.000)	-	0.28(0.755)	3.03(0.055)+	5.48(0.000)
∆OMA	0.07 (0.928)	1.02(0.366)	-	0.92(0.404)	0.43(0.862)
∆OMS	3.41(0.040)	0.28(0.758)	5.75(0.005)	-	2.55(0.021)

⁺P<0.10, * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001.