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. 2020 Oct 30;40:101241. doi: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101241

Table 8.

Comparison of network pharmacological analysis of different traditional Chinese medicines for COVID-19.

TCM Tools Results Ref
ShuFeng JieDu capsule TCMSP;
GeneCards;
DAVID;
R software		 Key targets: RELA, MAPK1, MAPK14, CASP3, CASP8 and IL6.
KEGG signaling pathways: Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, Human cytomegalovirus infection, IL-17 signaling pathway and Hepatitis B, etc.		 [53]
Huashi Baidu formula TCMSP;
GeneCards; Cytoscape;
STRING		 Key targets: MAPK3, MAPK8, TP53, CASP3, IL6, TNF, MAPK1, CCL2, PTGS2, etc.
KEGG signaling pathways: TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway.
Molecular docking: Baicalein+ACE2; Quercetin+ACE2.		 [54]
Toujie Quwen granule TCMSP;
Swiss Target Prediction;
STRING;
R software;
Cytoscape		 Key active ingredients: umbelliprenin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, praeruptorin E, stigmasterol, and oroxylin A.
Key targets: EGFR, CASP3, STAT3, ESR1, FPR2, F2, BCL2L1, BDKRB2, MPO, and ACE.
Signaling pathways: regulation of inflammatory response, viral process, neutrophil mediated immunity, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, Complement and coagulation cascades, and HIF-1 signaling pathway.		 [55]
Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction TCMSP;
PharmMapper;
Swiss Target Prediction;
STITCH;
Cytoscape;
STRING
R software		 Key targets: HSP90, AKT1, JUN, MAPK1, TP53, ESR1, VEGFA, and TNF.
KEGG signaling pathways: inflammation-related pathways, immunomodulation-related pathways, and viral infection-related pathways.
Mechanisms: reducing inflammation, suppressing cytokine storm, protecting pulmonary alveolar-capillary barrier, alleviating pulmonary edema, regulating immune response, and decreasing fever.		 [56]
Qing-Fei-Pai-Du decoction UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS;
DrugBank;
PubChem;
STITCH;
ETCM;
GTEx;
STRING;
Cytoscape		 Key active ingredients: baicalin, glycyrrhizic acid, hesperidin, and hyperoside.
Key targets: AKT1, TNF-α, IL6, PTGS2, HMOX1, IL10, and TP53.
Molecular docking: Baicalin+ HMOX1/ PRKACA/ COMT/ CSNK2B; Ephedrine+ COMT/ PLAT; Hesperidin+ HMOX1; Hyperoside+ HMOX1/ PRKACA/ COMT/ CSNK2B; Isochlorogenic acid A+ HMOX1; Pseudoephedrine+ GLA; Glycyrrhizic acid+ HMOX1.
In intro experiments: inhibiting IL6, CCL2, TNF-α, NF-κB, PTGS1/2, CYP1A1, CYP3A4 activity, the up-regulation of IL10 expression, and repressing platelet aggregation.		 [57]
Lian Hua Qing Wen TCMSP;
ETCM;
STRING;
Cytoscape		 KEGG signaling pathways: cancer, immune system-, and viral infection diseases.
Mechanisms: modulating the inflammatory process, exerting antiviral effects, repairing lung injury, relieving the “cytokine storm” and improving ACE2-expression-disorder-caused symptoms.		 [58]
Maxingyigan Decoction TCMSP;
STRING;
Cytoscape		 Molecular docking: Quercetin/Formononetin/Luteolin+ IL6/ CASP3/ IL4/ SARS-CoV-2.
Mechanisms: anti-inflammatory and immunity-based actions involving activation of T cells, lymphocytes, and leukocytes, as well as cytokine-cytokine-receptor interaction, and chemokine signaling pathways.		 [59]
Cold-Damp Plague Formula TCMSP;
TCMID;
Swiss ADME;
STITCH;
GeneCards;
STRING;
Cytoscape;		 Key targets: IL6, TNF, IL10, MAPK8, MAPK3, CXCL8, CASP3, PTGS2, TP53, and MAPK1.
KEGG signaling pathways: TNF signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, and so on.
Molecular docking: Quercetin/Luteolin+IL6; L-tyrosine/L-phenylalanine+ACE2.		 [60]
Respiratory Detox Shot TCMSP;
TCMID;
ETCM;
Swiss Target Prediction;
SEA;
TargetNet;
HINT;
Cytoscape;
CPDB;
DAVID;
STRING		 Molecular docking: One-hundred and eighteen candidate constituents showed a high binding affinity with SARS-coronavirus-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro).
Key active ingredients in vitro experiments: Luteolin, Licoisoflavone B, Fisetin, Quercetin, Glyasperin F, Isolicoflavonol, Semilicoisoflavone-B.		 [61]
Rhizoma Polygonati TCMSP;
Swiss Target Prediction;
GenCLiP3;
NCBI;
GeneCard;
STRING;
DAVID;
Cytoscape		 Key active ingredients: diosgenin, 3′-Methoxydaidzein, 4′,5-Dihydroxyflavone, (2R)-7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one, , DFV, Lopinavir, Remdesivir, (+)-Syringaresinol-O-beta-D-glucoside, beta-sitosterol, sitosterol, baicalein, methylprotodioscin_qt.
Key targets: CASP3, TP53, MAPK14, PTGS2, CAT, FOS, PPARG, CASP8, BCL2L1, IL2, RELA.
KEGG signaling pathways: tuberculosis, p53 signaling, AGE-RAGE in diabetic complications, IL-17 cytokine, apoptosis, and viral infection.
Molecular docking: Diosgenin/ (+)-Syringaresinol-O-beta-D-glucoside+ ACE2/3CL/ Spike protein S1/ RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.		 [62]