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Abrupt changes in relationships with clinicians
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Wearing of masks and personal protective equipment
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Inability to read provider’s facial expressions
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Difficulty understanding speech without the aid of lip reading
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Difficulty breathing or feeling claustrophobic while wearing a mask
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Transition to telemedicine visits (Thapa et al., 2020)
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Social isolation during pregnancy, at delivery, and during the postpartum period (Thapa et al., 2020)
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Loss of usual support systems
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Restrictions on labor room visitors
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Fear that they or their infants could contract the virus (Zeng et al., 2020)
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Fear that they could be separated from their infants (Rich, 2020)
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Reduced options when choosing birth preferences, leading to feelings of powerlessness (Rich, 2020)
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Shorter hospital stays, which may leave some women both physically and emotionally unprepared for the challenges that lie ahead
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General sense of malaise of navigating pregnancy during a pandemic