Table 8a.

Factors affecting failure of online classes.

S.No	THEMES	SUBTHEMES	Criteria	Example
1.	Technological constraint	Digital divide	Gap between the learners who have ready access to internet and computers and those who don’t	“not all rural students have the privilege of internet and laptop”
		Data limit	Insufficient data pack to access the material/to attend the class	“online classes consume large amount of data which is difficult to afford”
		Poor connectivity	Interrupted internet supply that makes the learners difficult to learn	“dragging of classes due to network problem”
		Issues with the device	Lack of device or device incompatibility to the applications used for online classes	“Unavailability of gadgets with some of the students”
		Non recordable videos	Online classes that cannot be downloaded or recorded for future learning	“videos that cannot be recorded or watched later pose difficulty in learning”
		Technical issues	Low quality audio or video; low bandwidth	“lack of voice clarity and poor signal strength”
		Virtual presence only	No face to face interaction between the learners and teachers	“only one-way communication and no scope for interaction”
2.	Distractions	Poor learning environment	Lack of congenial learning environment	“home environment is not suitable for learning as it leads to lot of disturbances from children and relatives”
		Noise	Distractions that deviate learner from learning	“two-way communication is loathsome as the voices from all the sides are raising”
3	Instructor’s incompetency	Technophobia	Instructors fear of handling ICT’s	“Lack of technical expertise of the teacher”
		Poor teaching skills	Inability of instructor to render the subject matter	“prolonged monotonous lectures with improper explanations”
		Unstructured content	Curriculum which is designed improperly lacking a clarity in course objective	“poorly designed content where classes are held for name sake”
		No follow up	Instructor doesn’t take the feedback/online exams nor addresses their queries	“doubts cannot be cleared effectively compared to classroom environment”
4	Learner’s inefficacy	Indiscipline	Irresponsible and unorganised behaviour of learner	“lack of discipline as no one is there to control the students”
		Student attritions	Reduction in the number of learner’s attending the classes	“Poor attendance and students miss the classes without any reason”
		Unmotivated	Learner does not possess interest or enthusiasm in learning	“Lack of interest and laziness among the students to learn during vacations”
5.	Health issues	Strain	Difficulty in concentration due to the harmful radiations from device used for online classes	“prolonged usage of mobile phone for classes causes headaches due to harmful rays”
		Worsening of existing health issues	Deteriorating the already existing health issues due to prolonged online classes	“continuous classes lead to worsening of migraine and backache”