Table 3.
Studies with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin.
| Autor | Study design | Drug comparison | Primary and secondary endpoints | Results | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gautret et al.33 | Case series | Hydroxychloroquine vs hydroxychloroquine + azithromycin vs no treatment |
Viral load 6 days after recruitment | 36 patients: 20 on treatment and 16 off treatment Viral load tested negative on day 6 in 57% of the hydroxychloroquine group, in 100% of the hydroxychloroquine + azithromycin group, and in 12.5% of the off-treatment group |
Small number of patients. Differences in the method to assess the viral load |
| Million et al.102 | Cohort | Hydroxychloroquine + azithromycin | Clinical worsening. Viral load | 1061 patients. Poor disease progression was associated with advanced age, early clinical severity, use of beta-blockers, use of ARA-II and low serum concentration of hydroxychloroquine | No control group. Some incomplete data |
| Borba et al.103 | Double blind randomized clinical trial | High doses of chloroquine with azithromycin vs low doses of chloroquine with azithromycin | 28-day mortality rate. Clinical condition on days 6, 14, and 28. | 81 patients. Higher mortality in the high dose group, more adverse effects associated with QT prolongation and ventricular tachycardia |
Intermediate analysis with termination of the high dose arm due to lack of safety |
| Geleris et al.104 | Retrospective | Hydroxychloroquine vs no hydroxychloroquine | Time to intubation or death | 1376 patients: 811 treated with hydroxychloroquine and 565 off treatment. Those treated with hydroxychloroquine were not intubated less or had a lower mortality rate (HR = 1.04; 95%CI, 0.82−1.32) | Logistic regression and propensity score |
| Rosenberg et al.34 | Retrospective | 4 groups: hydroxychloroquine alone, hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin, azithromycin alone or none of the 2 drugs | Hospital mortality Cardiac arrest, ECG alterations |
1438 patients. No differences were seen in the mortality rate after logistic regression. Patients on hydroxychloroquine + azithromycin had a higher risk of cardiac arrest (OR = 2.14; CI 95% 1.12−4.05), but not the other groups |
Retrospective study. Differences in the clinical characteristics among the groups |