Table 5.

Studies with immunomodulators.

Author	Study design	Drug comparison	Primary and secondary endpoints	Results	Comments
Xu et al.58	Retrospective	Tocilizumab Non-comparative	Clinical and analytical progression	Symptom improvement. Normalization of CRP, lymphocyte count. The fever cleared.	21 patients (2 on mechanical ventilation)
Luo et al.59	Retrospective	Tocilizumab Non-comparative	Analytical progression	Reduction of IL-6 and CRP levels	15 patients (4 critical, 75% mortality rate)
Gritti et al.73	Retrospective	Siltuximab Non-comparative	Clinical and analytical progression	Reduction of CRP levels Clinical improvement in 33%, stabilization in 43%, deterioration in 24%	21 patients on non-invasive respiratory support