Table 5.

STD results of the fitness values for the FO-CS variants along with the compared algorithms.

Data-set	CS	FO-CS	FO-CS${}_{ML}$	FO-CS${}_P$	FO-CS${}_C$	FO-CS${}_W$	HHO	HGSO	WOA	SSA	GWO	GA
DS1	0.0024	0.0046	0.0055	0.0043	0.0062	0.0038	0.0059	0.0018	0.0113	0.0053	0.0061	0.0120
DS2	0.0097	0.0109	0.0100	0.0078	0.0107	0.0058	0.0087	0.0058	0.0115	0.0081	0.0114	0.0067
DS3	0.0125	0.0099	0.0179	0.0104	0.0128	0.0073	0.0064	0.0019	0.0153	0.0087	0.0196	0.0119
DS4	0.0157	0.0048	0.0202	0.0193	0.0204	0.0110	0.0211	0.0330	0.0963	0.0418	0.0810	0.0823
DS5	0.0131	0.0172	0.0014	0.0135	0.0095	0.0000	0.0022	0.0417	0.0262	0.0164	0.0049	0.0164
DS6	0.0101	0.0196	0.0093	0.0112	0.0248	0.0026	0.0175	0.0182	0.0225	0.0240	0.0319	0.0105
DS7	0.0115	0.0243	0.0136	0.0087	0.0146	0.0096	0.0128	0.0165	0.0177	0.0174	0.0094	0.0091
DS8	0.0059	0.0066	0.0060	0.0073	0.0053	0.0069	0.0104	0.0079	0.0150	0.0092	0.0141	0.0106
DS9	0.0220	0.0110	0.0207	0.0209	0.0253	0.0132	0.0256	0.0134	0.0597	0.0132	0.0255	0.0271
DS10	0.0090	0.0040	0.0053	0.0078	0.0100	0.0085	0.0148	0.0236	0.0410	0.0384	0.0416	0.0425
DS11	0.0149	0.0027	0.0160	0.0041	0.0017	0.0115	0.0044	0.0116	0.0314	0.0025	0.0266	0.0023
DS12	0.0104	0.0116	0.0175	0.0109	0.0093	0.0139	0.0213	0.0170	0.0128	0.0168	0.0202	0.0106
DS13	0.0118	0.0122	0.0166	0.0101	0.0109	0.0158	0.0213	0.0152	0.0072	0.0158	0.0177	0.0119
DS14	0.0068	0.0062	0.0018	0.0061	0.0120	0.0078	0.0085	0.0093	0.0180	0.0188	0.0177	0.0231
DS15	0.0070	0.0141	0.0164	0.0089	0.0160	0.0029	0.0050	0.0053	0.0168	0.0173	0.0201	0.0232
DS16	0.0079	0.0079	0.0071	0.0096	0.0092	0.0089	0.0111	0.0103	0.0174	0.0102	0.0115	0.0085
DS17	0.0059	0.0078	0.0097	0.0067	0.0118	0.0073	0.0068	0.0097	0.0139	0.0091	0.0117	0.0161
DS18	0.0050	0.0198	0.0051	0.0042	0.0055	0.0000	0.0056	0.0035	0.0119	0.0052	0.0157	0.0075