Table 1.
Demographics, Baseline and Clinical Characteristics of MHD Patients With or Without SARS-CoV-2 Infection
| Characteristics | Total Patients (N = 1,027) | Patients Without Infection (n = 928) | Patients With Infection (n = 99) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient origin | ||||
| Hospital No. 1 | 158 (15.4%) | 136 (14.7%) | 22 (22%) | |
| Hospital No. 2 | 314 (30.6%) | 299 (32.2%) | 15 (15%) | |
| Hospital No. 3 | 183 (17.8%) | 168 (18.1%) | 15 (15%) | |
| Hospital No. 4 | 233 (22.7%) | 217 (23.3%) | 16 (16%) | |
| Hospital No. 5 | 139 (13.5%) | 108 (11.6%) | 31 (31%) | |
| Age, y | 60.3 ± 13.4 | 60.2 ± 13.4 | 61.3 ± 13.8 | 0.4a |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 619 (60.3%) | 564 (60.8%) | 55 (56%) | 0.3b |
| Female | 408 (39.7%) | 364 (39.2%) | 44 (44%) | 0.3b |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.0 [20.1-24.5] | 22.1[20.1-25.0] | 21.8 [20.4-24.2] | 0.8c |
| Current smoker | 374 (36.4%) | 342 (36.9%) | 32 (32%) | 0.3b |
| Contact with COVID-19 patient(s) | 45 (4.4%) | 28 (3.0%) | 17 (17%) | <0.001d,e |
| COVID-19 patient(s) in the family | 13 (1.3%) | 7 (0.8%) | 6 (6%) | <0.001d,e |
| Primary cause of kidney failure | ||||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 278 (27.1%) | 257 (27.7%) | 21 (21%) | 0.1b |
| Hypertensive kidney disease | 117 (11.4%) | 93 (10.0%) | 24 (24%) | <0.001b,d |
| Glomerulonephritis | 460 (44.8%) | 423 (45.6%) | 37 (37%) | 0.1b |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 24 (2.3%) | 23 (2.5%) | 1 (1%) | 0.6e |
| Lupus nephritis | 7 (0.7%) | 5 (0.5%) | 2 (2%) | 0.1f |
| Others | 152 (14.8%) | 136 (14.7%) | 16 (16%) | 0.6b |
| Comorbid conditions | ||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 701 (68.3%) | 623 (67.1%) | 78 (79%) | 0.01b,d |
| Diabetes mellitus | 184 (17.9%) | 160 (17.2%) | 24 (24%) | 0.08b |
| COPD | 8 (0.8%) | 6 (0.6%) | 2 (2%) | 0.2f |
| Cancer | 19 (1.9%) | 19 (2.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.3e |
| Use of ACEi/ARB | 178/474 (37.6%) | 151/412 (36.7%) | 27/62 (44%) | 0.1b |
| Hemodialysis modality | ||||
| Hemodialysis | 1,020 (99.3%) | 926 (99.8%) | 94 (95%) | <0.001b,d |
| Hemodiafiltration | 768 (74.8%) | 721 (77.7%) | 47 (47%) | <0.001b,d |
| Hemoperfusion | 284 (27.7%) | 273 (29.4%) | 11 (11%) | <0.001b,d |
| Hemodialysis access | 0.04d,f | |||
| AVF | 727/1,001 (72.6%) | 665/906 (73.4%) | 62/95 (65%) | |
| CVC | 267/1,001 (26.7%) | 236/906 (26.0%) | 31/95 (33%) | |
| CVC/AVF | 1/1,001 (0.1%) | 0/906 (0%) | 1/95 (1%) | |
| AVG | 3/1,001 (0.3%) | 2/906 (0.2%) | 1/95 (1%) | |
| Others | 3/1,001 (0.3%) | 3/906 (0.3%) | 0/95 (0%) | |
| Hemodialysis frequency | 0.4c | |||
| <3×/wk | 442/999 (44.2%) | 403/903 (44.6%) | 39/96 (41%) | |
| 3×/wk | 557/999 (55.8%) | 500/903 (55.4%) | 57/96 (59%) |
Note: Values for categorical variables given as count (percentage) or n/N (percentage); for continuous variables, as mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range].
Abbreviations: ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; AVF, arteriovenous fistula; AVG, arteriovenous graft; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVC, central venous catheter; MHD, maintenance hemodialysis.
P values were calculated using at test or cMann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and bPearson χ2 test, econtinuity correction χ2 test, or fFisher exact test for categorical variables; denoted dstatistically significant if P < 0.05.