Table 3.
Characteristics of MHD Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Identified by NAT or Antibody Testing
| Characteristic | Patients Identified by NAT (n = 52) | Patients Identified by Antibody Testing (n = 47) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 61.65 ± 14.65 | 60.79 ± 12.87 | 0.7a |
| Male sex | 28 (54%) | 27 (57%) | 0.7b |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 21.90 [20.57-24.97] | 21.45 [19.92-23.84] | 0.3c |
| Current smoker | 12 (23%) | 20 (43%) | 0.03b,d |
| COVID-19 patient(s) in the family | 6 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 0.04d,e |
| Primary cause of kidney failure | |||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 11 (21%) | 10 (21%) | 0.9b |
| Hypertensive kidney disease | 17 (33%) | 7 (15%) | 0.03b,d |
| Glomerulonephritis | 16 (31%) | 21 (45%) | 0.1b |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 0.9f |
| Lupus nephritis | 1 (2%) | 1 (2%) | 0.9f |
| Others | 6 (12%) | 10 (21%) | 0.1b |
| Comorbid condition | |||
| Cardiovascular disease | 41 (79%) | 37 (79%) | 0.9b |
| Diabetes mellitus | 13 (25%) | 11 (23%) | 0.8b |
| COPD | 2 (4%) | 0 | 0.5e |
| Hemodialysis modality | |||
| Hemodialysis | 47 (90%) | 47 (100%) | 0.08b |
| Hemodiafiltration | 16 (31%) | 31 (66%) | <0.001b,d |
| Hemoperfusion | 2 (4%) | 9 (19%) | 0.01b |
| Hemodialysis access | 0.8f | ||
| AVF | 33 (63%) | 29/43 (67%) | |
| CVC | 18 (35%) | 13/43 (30%) | |
| CVC/AVF | 1 (2%) | 0/43 (0%) | |
| AVG | 0 (0%) | 1/43 (2%) | |
| Others | 0 (0%) | 0/43 (0%) | |
| Symptoms | |||
| Fever | 25 (48%) | 2 (4%) | <0.001b,d |
| Cough | 18 (35%) | 9 (19%) | 0.08b |
| Sputum production | 13 (25%) | 3 (6%) | 0.01b,d |
| Dyspnea | 11 (21%) | 3 (6%) | 0.06c |
| Nausea/Vomiting | 7 (13%) | 0 (0%) | 0.02e,d |
| Diarrhea | 4 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.1e |
| Sore throat | 4 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.1e |
| Asymptomatic | 13 (25%) | 37 (79%) | <0.001b,d |
| Radiologic findings | |||
| CT image features | |||
| Ground-glass/patchy opacity | 42/51 (82%) | 17/46 (37%) | <0.001b,d |
| Fibrosis | 3/51 (6%) | 13/46 (28%) | 0.003b,d |
| Consolidation | 1/51 (2%) | 1/46 (2%) | 0.9f |
| Others | 5/51 (10%) | 5/46 (11%) | 0.9e |
| Normal | 0/51 (0%) | 12/46 (26%) | <0.001b,d |
| Lesion region | |||
| Bilateral lung | 40/47 (85%) | 21/33 (64%) | 0.08f |
| Left lung | 4/47 (9%) | 6/33 (18%) | 0.3b |
| Right lung | 3/47 (6%) | 6/33 (18%) | 0.1b |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 10.3 ± 1.9 | 9.9 ± 2.2 | 0.6a |
| Platelets, ×103/μL | 167 ± 69 | 165 ± 65 | 0.9a |
| Leukocytes, /μL | 4,760 [3,800-6,740] | 5,000 [4,330-6,200] | 0.5c |
| Lymphocytes, /μL | 760 [440-930] | 990 [760-1,310] | <0.001c,d |
| Neutrophils, /μL | 3,420 [2,800-5,810] | 3,470 [2,970-4,190] | 0.4c |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.8 [3.5-4.0] | 3.7 [3.3-4.0] | 0.2c |
| CRP, mg/L | 16.6 [5.2-88.8] | 2.4 [1.2-7.4] | <0.001c,d |
Abbreviations: AVF, arteriovenous fistula; AVG, arteriovenous graft; BMI, body mass index. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; CT, computed tomography; CVC, central venous catheter; MHD, maintenance hemodialysis; NAT, nucleic acid testing.
P values were calculated using at test or cMann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and bPearson χ2 test, econtinuity correction χ2 test, or fFisher exact test for categorical variables; denoted dstatistically significant if P < 0.05.