Table 4.
Effects of urine adulteration on parameters investiated by URIT 11G urine reagent strips and pH test strips
| URIT 11G urine reagent strips | pH strips test | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascorbic acid (mmol/L) | Blood (cells/μL) | Specific gravity | Glucose (mmol/L) | Protein g/L | Bilirubin (μmol/L) | Urobilinogen | Nitrite (μmol/L) | Ketone (mmol/L) | Leukocytes (cells/μL) | pH | pH | |
| Test strip sensitivity | 0.6-0.85 | 5-15 | / | 2.2-2.8 | 0.1-0.3 | 8.6-17 | 17-33 | 18-33 | 0.5-1 | 15-0 | / | / |
| Test strip range | 0-5.6 | 0-200 | 1.005-1.030 | 0-55 | 0-3 | 0-100 | Normal-131 | +/- | 0-8 | 0-500 | 5-9 | 0-14 |
| Control urine* | 0 | 0 | 1.020 | 0-2.8 | 0 | 0-8.6 | Normal | - | - | - | 6 | 5 |
| Control urine + | ||||||||||||
| added adulterant** | ||||||||||||
| WC Sanitar | 2.8 | Invalid | 1.030 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Normal | - | - | - | 5 | 1 |
| Vinegar | 2.8 | 0 | 1.030 | 0-2.8 | 0 | 0 | Normal | - | - | - | 5 | 4 |
| Lemon juice | 2.8 | 25 | 1.030 | 5.5 | 0.15 | 8.6 | Normal | - | - | - | 5 | 3 |
| Citric acid | 2.8 | 10 | 1.030 | 0-2.8 | 0 | 0 | Normal | - | - | - | 5 | 1 |
| Cevtok | Invalid | 0 | Invalid | 0 | Invalid | 8.6 | Invalid | - | - | 70 | >9 | 14 |
| Varikina | 0 | 80 | 1.015 | 0-2.8 | 0 | 0 | Normal | + | - | - | 6 | 5 |
| Asepsol | 0 | 0 | 1.010 | 0 | Invalid | 0 | Normal | - | - | - | 6 | 5 |
| Primo sept GA | 0 | 0 | 1.030 | 0 | 0.15 | 0 | Normal | - | >8.0 | - | 5 | 5 |
| Visine | 0 | 0 | 1.025 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Normal | - | - | - | 5 | 5 |
"-" no presence detected; Invalid - malfunction of test; Normal - within the range of normal physiological parameters; bold results indicate invalid test, pathophysiological conditions or urine manipulation; *similar results were obtained in all tested drag positive urine samples before adulteration; "similar results were obtained in all tested drag positive urine samples after adulteration