Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the study population.
| Variables | Total (n = 25) | Survivors (n = 21) | Non-survivors (n = 4) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms at hospital presentation | ||||
| Abdominal pain | 2 (8%) | 2 (9.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 |
| Chest pain | 3 (12%) | 3 (14.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 |
| Cough | 15 (60%) | 13 (61.9%) | 2 (50%) | 1 |
| Cutaneous | 3 (12%) | 2 (9.52%) | 1 (25%) | 0.422 |
| Diarrhea | 6 (24%) | 5 (23.8%) | 1 (25%) | 1 |
| Fever | 21 (84%) | 17 (81%) | 4 (100%) | 1 |
| Duration of fever [median; IQR] | 4 [1;7] | 4 [2;6] | 4 [1;14.5] | 0.891 |
| Headache | 4 (16%) | 4 (19%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 |
| Loss of appetite | 8 (32%) | 7 (33.3%) | 1 (25%) | 1 |
| Myalgia | 6 (24%) | 5 (23.8%) | 1 (25%) | 1 |
| Rhinorrhea | 6 (24%) | 5 (23.8%) | 1 (25%) | 1 |
| Seizure | 2 (8%) | 1 (4.76%) | 1 (25%) | 0.3 |
| Sore throat | 4 (16%) | 4 (19%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 |
| Vomiting | 14 (56%) | 12 (57.1%) | 2 (50%) | 1 |
| The main reason for ICU admission | ||||
| Respiratory failure | 22 (88%) | 20 (95.2%) | 2 (50%) | 0.057 |
| Neurological compromise | 2 (8%) | 2 (9.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 |
| Circulatory compromise | 5 (20%) | 2 (9.5%) | 3 (75%) | 0.016 |
| Diseases Severity | 0.081 | |||
| Severe pneumonia/ARDS | 17 (68%) | 16 (76.2%) | 1 (25%) | |
| Sepsis/septic shock | 8 (32%) | 5 (23.8%) | 3 (75%) | |
| Clinical characteristics at ICU admission | ||||
| PRISM III (median, IQR) | 12 [9;17] | 12 [9;16] | 15 [8.25;21.8] | 0.766 |
| GCS (median, IQR) | 13 [11;15] | 15 [11;15] | 12 [9.75;13.5] | 0.305 |
| Resuscitation within 24 hours | 2 (8%) | 1 (4.76%) | 1 (25%) | 0.3 |
| Hypotension | 4 (16%) | 3 (14.3%) | 1 (25%) | 0.527 |
| Highest respiratory support | 0.042 | |||
| None | 1 (4%) | 1 (4.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Low flow oxygen | 6 (24%) | 6 (28.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| HFNC | 4 (16%) | 4 (19.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| CPAP-BIPAP | 5 (20%) | 5 (23.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Intubation | 7 (28%) | 3 (14.3%) | 4 (100%) | |
| ECMO | 2 (8%) | 2 (9.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Reason for resp support | 0.52 | |||
| Hypoxic respiratory failure | 17 (70.8%) | 14 (70%) | 3 (75%) | |
| Hypercarbic respiratory failure | 4 (16.7%) | 4 (20%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Mixed respiratory failure | 1 (4.2%) | 1 (5%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Hemodynamic instability | 2 (8.3%) | 1 (5%) | 1 (25%) | |
| Type of organ failure | ||||
| Respiratory | 19 (76%) | 15 (71.4%) | 4 (100%) | 0.54 |
| Cardiac | 12 (48%) | 8 (38.1%) | 4 (100%) | 0.039 |
| Renal | 2 (8%) | 1 (4.8%) | 1 (25%) | 0.3 |
| Hepatic | 3 (12%) | 2 (9.5%) | 1 (25%) | 0.422 |
| Hematological | 4 (16%) | 3 (14.3%) | 1 (25%) | 0.527 |
| Neurological | 3 (12%) | 1 (4.8%) | 2 (50%) | 0.057 |
BiPAP: bilevel positive pressure ventilation, CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure, ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, GCS: Glasgow coma scale, HFNC: high-flow nasal canula, PRISM III: The pediatric risk of mortality III score.