Table 3.
Laboratory investigation and therapies provided to the study population.
| Variables | Total (n = 25) | Survivors (n = 21) | Non-survivors (n = 4) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laboratory investigations within 24 h of ICU admission (mean, SD) | ||||
| Creatinine | 33.7 (17.3) | 30.8 (12.9) | 50.3 (32) | 0.400 |
| White blood cells | 10.0 (8.8) | 11.0 (9.1) | 4.75 (4) | 0.050 |
| Absolute lymphocyte count | 2.68 (2.5) | 3.04 (2.6) | 0.77 (0.8) | 0.005 |
| Absolute neutrophil count | 6.16 (6.2) | 6.62 (6.5) | 3.70 (3.9) | 0.263 |
| Hemoglobin | 111 (34.5) | 112 (35.8) | 108 (30.8) | 0.821 |
| Platelets | 243 (167) | 268 (169) | 107 (56.4) | 0.003 |
| INR | 1.30 (0.5) | 1.25 (0.2) | 1.53 (1.1) | 0.627 |
| D-dimer | 3106 (3491) | 3612 (3750) | 1086 (306) | 0.017 |
| Ferritin | 1229 (1689) | 1358 (1807) | 587 (796) | 0.277 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase | 518 (224) | 515 (226) | 546 (288) | 0.903 |
| Troponin | 24.7 (37.3) | 24.7 (37.3) | 0 (0) | NA |
| C-reactive protein | 84.7 (107) | 86.3 (116) | 74.7 (22.3) | 0.699 |
| Procalcitonin | 10.2 (21.2) | 5.36 (14.0) | 33.0 (35.7) | 0.220 |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate | 35.4 (25.9) | 29.8 (22.4) | 58.0 (35.4) | 0.451 |
| Alkaline phosphatase | 152 (78.2) | 151 (81.7) | 156 (68.7) | 0.900 |
| Alanine transferase | 40.3 (67.6) | 44.2 (74.0) | 21.8 (11.3) | 0.223 |
| Albumin | 33.3 (7.6) | 34.3 (7.1) | 28.8 (9.5) | 0.336 |
| pCO2 | 6.52 (2.2) | 6.78 (2.3) | 5.20 (1.3) | 0.1 |
| pH | 7.29 (0.1) | 7.30 (0.1) | 7.27 (0.2) | 0.843 |
| Chest X-ray | 0.84 | |||
| Normal | 1 (4.2%) | 1 (4.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Increased BV marking | 2 (8.3%) | 2 (9.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Unilateral infiltrate | 6 (25.0%) | 6 (28.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Bilateral infiltrate | 9 (37.5%) | 7 (33.3%) | 2 (66.7%) | |
| Diffuse ground-glass opacities | 6 (25.0%) | 5 (23.8%) | 1 (33.3%) | |
| Positive microbiological investigation | ||||
| Blood culture | 3 (12%) | 3 (14.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 |
| Urine culture | 1 (4%) | 1 (4.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 |
| Antibiotics | ||||
| Penicillins | 4 (16%) | 3 (14.3%) | 1 (25%) | 0.527 |
| Third-generation cephalosporins | 14 (56%) | 12 (57.1%) | 2 (50%) | 1 |
| Macrolides | 4 (16%) | 3 (14.3%) | 1 (25%) | 0.527 |
| Lincosamides | 3 (12%) | 1 (4.8%) | 2 (50%) | 0.057 |
| Beta lactam-beta lactamase inhibitor (anti-pseudomonal) | 11 (44%) | 8 (38.1%) | 3 (75%) | 0.288 |
| Glycopeptides | 11 (44%) | 10 (47.6%) | 1 (25%) | 0.604 |
| Carbapenems | 5 (20%) | 3 (14.3%) | 2 (50%) | 0.166 |
| Aminoglycosides | 2 (8%) | 1 (4.8%) | 1 (25%) | 0.3 |
| Trimethoprim-sulfonamide combinations | 2 (8%) | 1 (4.8%) | 1 (25%) | 0.3 |
| Fluroquinolones | 1 (4%) | 1 (4.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 |
| Imidazoles | 1 (4.2%) | 1 (5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 |
| Antifungals | 4 (16%) | 3 (14.3%) | 1 (25%) | 0.527 |
| Antivirals | ||||
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 1 (4%) | 1 (4.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 |
| Favipiravir | 3 (12%) | 3 (14.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 |
| Immunomodulators | ||||
| Tocilizumab | 6 (24%) | 5 (23.8%) | 1 (25%) | 1 |
| High dose steroids | 3 (12%) | 3 (14.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 |
| Low dose steroids | 9 (36%) | 6 (28.6%) | 3 (75%) | 1 |
| Intravenous immunoglobulin | 5 (21.7%) | 4 (21.1%) | 1 (25%) | 1 |
| Convalescent plasma | 2 (8%) | 1 (4.8%) | 1 (25%) | 1 |
| Anticoagulation | 10 (43.5%) | 8 (42.1%) | 2 (50%) | 1 |
| Vasoactive agents | ||||
| Epinephrine | 4 (16%) | 2 (9.5%) | 2 (50%) | 0.106 |
| Norepinephrine | 5 (20%) | 3 (14.3%) | 2 (50%) | 0.166 |
| Dopamine | 3 (12%) | 2 (9.5%) | 1 (25%) | 0.422 |
| Dobutamine | 3 (12%) | 2 (9.5%) | 1 (25%) | 0.422 |
| Milrinone | 2 (8%) | 1 (4.8%) | 1 (2%) | 0.3 |
ICU: intensive care unit, INR: international normalized ratio, pCO2: carbon dioxide partial pressure.