TABLE 2:
MEANS (STANDARD ERRORS), PERCENTAGES, AND TEST STATISTICS FOR RISK-RELATED MEASURES BY AD CONDITION
| Measure | Low Level of Distractors M (SE) | High Level of Distractors M (SE) | Test Statistic | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attention | ||||
| Attention to risk text | 31.53 (1.74) | 24.66 (1.53) | F(1, 281) = 8.78 | .003 |
| Attention to MedWatch statement | 32.16 (2.53) | 27.13 (2.11) | F(1, 281) = 2.33 | .13 |
| Risk perceptions | ||||
| Perceived risk likelihood—population | 24.33 (1.42) | 26.66 (2.10) | F(1, 297) = .37 | .54 |
| Perceived risk likelihood—personal | 3.62 (.10) | 3.72 (.14) | F(1, 296) = .31 | .58 |
| Perceived risk magnitude | 4.09 (.14) | 3.99 (.13) | F(1, 288) = .28 | .60 |
| Risk-benefit assessment | 4.62 (.10) | 4.53 (.14) | F(1, 297) = .17 | .68 |
| Retention of risk information | ||||
| Risk recall | 1.43 (.10) | 0.99 (.09) | F(1, 298) =11.26 | .001 |
| Risk recognition | 3.92 (.18) | 3.35 (.20) | F(1, 298) = 4.68 | .03 |
| Contraindication recognition | 4.33 (.14) | 4.43 (.22) | F(1, 297) = .11 | .74 |
| MedWatch recall (% correct recall) | 19.1% | 12.2% | χ2(1, 300) = 2.72 | .10 |
Notes: Attention measures reflect the percentage of attention given to the risk text and the MedWatch statement, respectively. Perceived risk likelihood (population) was assessed on a scale of 0% (no people taking Escal will have side effects) to 100% (all people taking Escal will have side effects). Perceived risk likelihood (personal) was assessed on a scale of 1 (not at all likely [to experience any side effects or negative outcomes]) to 7 (extremely likely). Perceived risk magnitude was a composite measure ranging from 1 to 7, with higher scores equaling greater perceived severity of Escal’s side effects. The risk-benefit measure assessed how certain participants were that the good things about the medication outweighed the bad things, measured from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Risk recall reported the number of correct risks recalled, from 0 (none correct) to 5 (maximum number correct). Risk and contraindication recognition are reported as the number of correct risks and contraindication recognized. Both items range from 0 (none correct) to 10 (all correct).