Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of study subjects
| Nonsmoker control | PLE | CLE | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of subjects | 12 | 12 | 30 | |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age, yr | 53.1±15.8 | 60.6±7.0 | 68.3±7.7 | 0.063 |
| Male sex | 5 | 6 | 23 | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Nonsmoker | 12 | 2 | 1 | |
| Ex-smoker | 0 | 7 | 10 | |
| Current smoker | 0 | 3 | 19 | |
| Amount, pack-years | 0 | 28.9±20.0 | 46.6±26.9 | 0.001 |
| Functional characteristics | ||||
| GOLD stage | ||||
| Unclassified | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
| 0 | 12 | 3 | 12 | |
| 1 | 0 | 2 | 6 | |
| 2 | 0 | 3 | 5 | |
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |
| 4 | 0 | 3 | 2 | |
| FEV1/FVC, % | 80.6±5.2 | 59.7±19.3 | 65.9±14.8 | 0.001 |
| FEV1, % of predicted | 98.5±11.8 | 69.6±33.3 | 77.1±24.0 | 0.010 |
| DLco, % of predicted | 105.3±27.1 | 84.3±35.1 | 80.8±30.4 | 0.023 |
| TLC, % of predicted | 101.6±31.5 | 113.8±20.7 | 110.4±15.3 | 0.424 |
| RV, % of predicted | 115.1±24.2 | 136.5±39.3 | 129.8±46.9 | 0.399 |
Values are presented as mean±SD or number.
GOLD stages are defined as follow: unclassified (FEV1/FVC≥0.70, FEV1 <80% of predicted value), GOLD stage 0 (FEV1/FVC≥0.70, FEV1≥80% of predicted value), GOLD stage 1 (FEV1/FVC<0.70, FEV1≥80% of predicted value), GOLD stage 2 (FEV1/FVC<0.70, FEV1<80%, but>50% of predicted value), GOLD stage 3 (FEV1/FVC<0.70, FEV1<50%, but >30% of predicted value), and GOLD stage 4 (FEV1/FVC<0.70, FEV1≤30% of predicted value).
PLE: panlobular emphysema; CLE: centrilobular emphysema; GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; FEV1: postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC: forced vital capacity; DLco: diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; TLC: total lung capacity; RV: residual volume; SD: standard deviation.