Figure 5.

The effects of bleomycin (BLE), chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), and pirfenidone (PF) on lung fibrosis. (A) Representative photomicrographs of lung tissues were stained with Masson’s trichrome stain as a measure of collagen accumulation. The upper panels show images of whole lung sections, and the bottom panels represent the enlarged images. Scale bars=2,000 μm, middle panels (×10); 100 μm, bottom panels (×200). (B) Sirius red staining (×200). (C) Hydroxyproline content was measured in lung tissues. (D) Serum transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) levels were measured by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The data shown are expressed as the mean±SD. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 vs. the CIH+BLE group. ^†p<0.05, ^††p<0.01 vs. the normoxia (NOR)+BLE group.