Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19
| Variable | Total (n=200) | Non-survivor (n=77, 38%) | Survivor (n=123, 62%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 55 (41–65) | 60 (51–70) | 50 (38–60) | <0.001 |
| 18–40 | 43 (22) | 4 (5) | 39 (32) | <0.001 |
| 41–64 | 101 (51) | 39 (51) | 62 (51) | 0.973 |
| >65 | 55 (28) | 33 (43) | 22 (18) | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 138 (69) | 55 (71) | 83 (67) | 0.557 |
| Comorbidities | 144 (72) | 54 (70) | 90 (73) | 0.641 |
| Diabetes | 55 (28) | 24 (31) | 31 (25) | 0.358 |
| Hypertension | 61 (30) | 25 (32) | 36 (29) | 0.633 |
| Obesity | 103 (52) | 40 (53) | 63 (52) | 0.892 |
| COPD | 6 (3) | 3 (4) | 3 (2) | 0.557 |
| Current smoker | 14 (7) | 4 (5) | 10 (8) | 0.429 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 4 (2) | 2 (3) | 2 (2) | 0.633 |
| HIV | 4 (2) | 2 (3) | 2 (2) | 0.633 |
| Other | 17 (8) | 13 (17) | 4 (3) | 0.001 |
| Days from symptom onset to admission | 8 (6–9) | 7 (5–9) | 8 (6–10) | 0.012 |
| Symptoms on admission | ||||
| Fever | 191 (96) | 75 (97) | 116 (94) | 0.304 |
| Maximum temperature registrated, °C | 38.1 (38–38.5) | 38.3 (38–38.5) | 38 (38–38.5) | 0.058 |
| Chills | 44 (22) | 25 (32) | 19 (15) | 0.005 |
| Cough | 181 (90) | 72 (94) | 109 (88) | 0.251 |
| Dyspnea | 187 (93) | 70 (91) | 117 (95) | 0.240 |
| Intensity (mMRC) | 3 (2–3) | 3 (3–3) | 2 (2–3) | <0.001 |
| Chest pain | 85 (43) | 25 (32) | 60 (49) | 0.023 |
| Headache | 111 (56) | 36 (47) | 75 (61) | 0.049 |
| Anosmia | 25 (13) | 3 (4) | 22 (18) | 0.004 |
| Ageusia | 22 (11) | 4 (5) | 18 (15) | 0.038 |
| Myalgia/arthralgia | 109 (55) | 34 (46) | 75 (61) | 0.020 |
| Upon arrival | ||||
| Heart rate, BPM | 100 (89–114) | 107 (92–116) | 98 (89–110) | 0.022 |
| Respiratory rate, bpm | 29 (24–32) | 30 (25–35) | 28 (24–31) | 0.003 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 120 (110–130) | 120 (110–130) | 120 (110–130) | 0.759 |
| Dyastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 70 (70–80) | 70 (66–80) | 70 (70–80) | 0.356 |
| SpO2, % | 87 (78–90) | 73 (60–85) | 89 (86–92) | <0.001 |
| SpO2/FiO2 | 414 (371–431) | 348 (286–405) | 424 (409–438) | <0.001 |
| qSOFA score | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–1) | <0.001 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 86 (43) | 71 (82.5) | 15 (17.5) | <0.001 |
| ICU admission | 44 (51) | 32 (72.7) | 12 (27.3) | 0.014 |
| Non-ICU admission | 42 (49) | 39 (92.8) | 3 (7.2) | 0.014 |
| Hospital stay, day | 6 (4–12) | 8 (4–16) | 6 (4–9) | 0.057 |
Values are presented as median (IQR) or number (%).
p-values by the rank-sum Wilcoxon test, chi-squared test, or Fisher exact test, as appropriate.
COVID-19: coronavirus disease pandemic 2019; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; mMRC: modified Medical Research Council; BPM: beats per minute; bpm: breaths per minute; SpO2: pulse oximetric saturation; SpO2/FiO2: pulse oximetric saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen; qSOFA: quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; ICU: intensive care unit; IQR: interquartile range.