Table 2.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the DCR cohort by geographical region.

	Midwest	Northeast	South	West
	N=11896	N=11753	N=41904	N=1881
	Mean ± SD / %	Mean ± SD / %	Mean ± SD / %	Mean ± SD / %	p value
Age (years)	62 ± 10	61 ± 10	61 ± 11	64 ± 9	<0.001
Sex (male)	53	56	50	59	<0.001
Race					<0.001
White non-Hispanic	85	89	81	88
Black non-Hispanic	13	8	17	6
Other	2	3	2	7
Insurance coverage	99	100	100	99	<0.001
Height (cm)	170 ± 11	170 ± 11	170 ± 11	171 ± 11	<0.001
Weight (kg)	100 ± 25	94 ± 22	97 ± 23	98 ± 24	<0.001
Body mass index (kg/m2)	34.4 ± 7.9	32.3 ± 6.8	33.3 ± 7.3	33.2 ± 7.2	<0.001
Body mass index category					<0.001
Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2)	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m2)	8	11	9	9
Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2)	22	29	26	24
Obese (≥30 kg/m2)	70	60	65	66
HbA1c (%)	8.5 ± 3.0	7.0 ± 1.7	7.3 ± 2.1	7.5 ± 1.9	<0.001
HbA1c (mmol/mol)	68.9 ± 32.5	52.5 ± 18.1	56.5 ± 22.5	58.2 ± 20.9	<0.001
HbA1c category					<0.001
<7% (<53 mmol/mol)	43	66	58	51
7–9% (53–75 mmol/mol)	28	25	27	34
>9% (>75 mmol/mol)	29	10	15	16
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	129 ± 18	128 ± 15	131 ± 17	128 ± 17	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	73 ± 12	77 ± 9	77 ± 10	74 ± 11	<0.001
Blood pressure< 140/90 mmHG	72	74	68	73	<0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.22 ± 1.09	4.55 ± 1.03	4.50 ± 1.09	4.11 ± 1.11	<0.001
High density lipoprotein (mmol/L)	1.22 ± 0.39	1.29 ± 0.41	1.22 ± 0.39	1.16 ± 0.36	<0.001
Low density lipoprotein (mmol/L)	2.20± 0.91	2.51 ± 0.88	2.51 ± 0.91	2.12 ± 0.88	<0.001
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.84 ± 1.04	1.75 ± 1.02	1.81 ± 1.10	1.85 ± 1.10	<0.001
Low density lipoprotein<2.59 mmol/L	72	58	58	74	<0.001
‘ABC’ control†	14.3	20.9	19.5	18.7	<0.001
Tobacco use	27	13	16	19	<0.001
Hypertension	77	79	83	88	<0.001
Dyslipidaemia	76	85	85	89	<0.001
Medication Use
Insulin	27	15	16	33	<0.001
Oral hypoglycaemic agent	59	50	55	69	<0.001
Cholesterol-lowering	77	67	69	88	<0.001
Anti-hypertensive	89	72	78	96	<0.001

^†HbA1c<7% (<53 mmol/mol), blood pressure <140/90 mmHg and low density lipoprotein <2.59 mmol/L