Table 1:

Landmark Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Clinical Trials in Pancreatic Cancer

Trial	Accrual	Sequence	Comparison	Median OS#	Ref.
GITSG 9173	1974–1982	Adjuvant	Chemoradiotherapy (Fluorouracil) vs Observation	Chemoradiotherapy: 20 mo	[22]
				Observation: 11 mo
EORTC 40891	1987–1995	Adjuvant	Chemoradiotherapy (Fluorouracil) vs Observation	Chemoradiotherapy: 24.5 mo	[64]
				Observation: 19 mo
ESPAC-1	1994–2000	Adjuvant	Chemotherapy alone (Fluorouracil) vs Chemoradiotherapy alone vs Combination vs Observation	Chemotherapy: 21.6 mo	[65]
				Chemoradiotherapy: 13.9 mo
				Combination: 19.9 mo
				Observation: 16.9 mo
CONKO-001	1998–2004	Adjuvant	Gemcitabine vs Observation	Gemcitabine: 22.8 mo	[66]
				Observation: 20.2 mo
ESPAC-3	2000–2007	Adjuvant	Fluorouracil vs Gemcitabine	Fluorouracil: 23.0 mo	[67]
				Gemcitabine: 23.6 mo
JASPAC 01	2007–2010	Adjuvant	S-1 vs Gemcitabine	S-1: 46.5 mo	[68]
				Gemcitabine: 25.5 mo
ESPAC-4	2008–2011	Adjuvant	Gemcitabine vs gemcitabine & capecitabine	Gemcitabine & capecitabine: 28 mo	[69]
				Gemcitabine: 25.5 mo
PRODIGE-24	2012–2016	Adjuvant	Modified FOLFIRINOX vs Gemcitabine	Modified FOLFIRINOX: 54.4 mo	[25]
				Gemcitabine: 35 mo
APACT*	2014–2018	Adjuvant	Gemcitabine & Nabpaclitaxel vs Gemcitabine	Gemcitabine & Nabpaclitaxel: 40.5 mo	[70]
				Gemcitabine: 36.2 mo
PREOPANC-1	2013–2017	Neoadjuvant	Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy (Gemcitabine) vs Upfront Surgery	Chemoradiotherapy: 16 mo	[48]
				Upfront Surgery: 14.3 mo
Prep-02/JSAP-05	2013–2016	Neoadjuvant	Neoadjuvant Gemcitabine & S1 vs Upfront Surgery	Gemcitabine & S1: 36.7 mo	[50]
				Upfront surgery: 26.6 mo

^#Arm with significant improvement in overall survival (OS) is shown in bold.

^*Preliminary results