Table 4.

Quality analysis of the 49 studies based on a modified STROBE checklist

No.	Author	Study design	Setting	Participant criteria	Sample size	Variable description	Outcome measurement	Statistical test	Total score
1	Gomes et al.15 (2010)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	7
2	Rózsa et al.16 (2009)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	7
3	Finkelstein et al.6 (2018)	X	√	√	√	√	√	X	5
4	Mani et al.17 (2014)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	7
5	Alsoleihat and Khraisat35 (2014)	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	6
6	Souza-Silva et al.18 (2018)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	7
7	Patil et al.19 (2013)	√	√	√	√	√	√	X	6
8	Kazanci et al.20 (2011)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	7
9	Aktan et al.21 (2010)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	7
10	Edward et al. (2008)	X	√	√	√	√	√	X	5
11	Küchler et al.22 (2008)	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	6
12	Tavajohi-Kermani et al.23 (2002)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	7
13	Shafi et al. (2008)	√	√	X	√	√	√	X	5
14	Endo et al.5 (2006)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	7
15	Aasheim and Ogaard (1993)	X	√	X	√	√	√	√	5
16	Abu-Hussein et al.24 (2015)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	7
17	Afify and Zawawi47 (2012)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	7
18	Altug-Atac and Erdem (2007)	X	√	X	√	√	√	X	4
19	Bäckman and Wahlin36 (2001)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	7
20	Bergstnou (1977)	X	√	√	√	√	√	X	5
21	Davis (1987)	X	√	√	√	√	X	X	4
22	Fekonja (2005)	X	√	√	√	√	√	X	5
23	Fukuta et al. (2004)	X	√	X	√	√	√	X	4
24	Nik-Hussein48 (1989)	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	6
25	Ng’ang’a and Ng’ang’a25 (2001)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	7
26	Sisman et al.26 (2007)	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	6
27	Calvano Küchler et al.27 (2008)	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	6
28	Lai and Seow28 (1989)	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	6
29	Lynham37 (1990)	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	6
30	Magnússon38 (1977)	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	6
31	Muller et al.39 (1970)	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	6
32	Nordgarden et al.40 (2002)	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	6
33	Locht41 (1980)	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	6
34	da Cunha Coelho et al. (2012)	X	√	√	√	X	√	√	5
35	Gokkaya et al.42 (2016)	√	√	√	√	√	X	√	6
36	Sheikhi et al.29 (2012)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	7
37	Rølling and Poulsen43 (2009)	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	6
38	Rose (1966)	X	X	√	√	√	√	X	4
39	Behr et al.30 (2011)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	7
40	Chung et al.44 (2008)	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	6
41	González-Allo et al.31 (2012)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	7
42	Vahid-Dastjerdi et al.32 (2010)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	7
43	Zhang et al.45 (2015)	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	6
44	Topkara and Sari33 (2011)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	7
45	Shetty et al. (2012)	√	√	X	√	X	√	√	5
46	Bernadette et al.34 (2013)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	7
47	Al-Abdallah46 (2015)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	7
48	Raju et al. (2011)	X	√	√	√	X	√	√	5
49	O'Dowling and McNamara (1990)	X	√	√	√	√	√	X	5

STROBE, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology.